Relationship between Infant-Directed Speech and Word Segmentation Research Paper - 1

Relationship between Infant-Directed Speech and Word Segmentation - Research Paper Example The writer will  analyze different aspects of both concepts, and provide appropriate conclusions on their relationship. Also known as caretaker speech, and informally as â€Å"mommy talk,† IDS is a central aspect of child development. Contrary to popular opinion, its influence is not restricted to language development alone. IDS also considerably improves the cognitive abilities of infants by encouraging them to use their senses and practice functions like grasping and holding (Aitchison, 1996:26). In the language development aspect, word segmentation is the dimension that attracts the most interest from researchers regarding IDS. Infants’ ability to segment words develops variable and is influenced by a number of factors. However, IDS has so far been linked with many features of word dimension, such as recognition of repetitive words and comprehension of new words and phrases. When parents and minders talk to infants, they indoctrinate them in their dialect. They int roduce them to novel phrases and terms that they will, inevitably, learn as they grow. However, research seems to show that depending on how early they are exposed to IDS, children can exhibit extremely contrasting proficiencies in language development and speech (Fabbro, 1999:46). Parents who involve their children in IDS as much as possible have reported better language and speech development, as well as refined cognitive abilities. According to Harley (2013:48), the impact of IDS on word segmentation can be better explained when we consider that it is relatively easy to manipulate the cognitive abilities of infants and children. Infants, specifically, adapt to new environments and habits depending on the extent and frequency with which they are exposed to them. For example, we can consider the dialects used by different parents when communicating with their children to show how IDS affects word segmentation.

Service quality assessing and profiling of KPMG's organisation Essay

Service quality assessing and profiling of KPMG's organisation - Essay Example Specifically the two models are Lovelock and Wirtz’s Flower of Services Model, and the Molecular Model developed by Shostack. KPMG’s attributes as service company KPMG is a service company. It possesses the characteristics as detailed by Ronen and Pass (2010, p. 845) which are herein applied and discussed. (1) Its products are not physical in nature. KPMG specializes in audit, tax and advisory services as its principal products. It also provides â€Å"industry insight† – that is, the Company guides its clients in addressing the market challenges of their businesses. The services may be physically represented by the audit reports and advisories, but the content and substance, which comprise the service itself, are not physically tangible. (2) There is a large variance among KPMG and its competitors, in terms of customers, service types, service providers and service procedures. Often, audit and advisory providers specialize in a particular industry or busin ess. Furthermore accounting standards allow the accountant some discretion in their choice of accounting procedures, such as depreciation methods (Needles, Powers, & Crosson, 2010). Coupled with these small differences are the larger differences between businesses even in the same industry, which would justify the tailoring of services to that specific customer. (3) Compliance and control are not trivial. The services which KPMG extends to its clientele are of a highly specialized nature. The audit and tax procedures are strictly regulated by law and by the principles laid down by the accounting industry. Persons who serve in these capacities must be accountants duly... The firm that is analyzed in the paper is KPMG, a service company. It possesses the characteristics as detailed by Ronen and Pass which are herein applied and discussed. KPMG specializes in audit, tax and advisory services as its principal products. It also provides â€Å"industry insight† – that is, the Company guides its clients in addressing the market challenges of their businesses. The services may be physically represented by the audit reports and advisories, but the content and substance, which comprise the service itself, are not physically tangible. Often, audit and advisory providers specialize in a particular industry or business. Furthermore accounting standards allow the accountant some discretion in their choice of accounting procedures, such as depreciation methods. Coupled with these small differences are the larger differences between businesses even in the same industry, which would justify the tailoring of services to that specific customer. The servi ces which KPMG extends to its clientele are of a highly specialized nature. The audit and tax procedures are strictly regulated by law and by the principles laid down by the accounting industry. Persons who serve in these capacities must be accountants duly certified by the government, who are sworn to meet the high standards of their profession, failure in which may be penalized by disbarment. Furthermore, the professionals who provide advisory services and industry insights to clients are highly skilled and possess the mandatory qualifications in the technical, market, and business fields.

Advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international franchising

Advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international franchising Introduction Buying a Franchise offers many benefits over starting a business on your own. The franchisees benefit from the training and ongoing support that they receive whilst trying to make their business successful. People starting a business on their own often have no help or guidance in the day to day running of the business! The franchisees receive guidance on location, fixtures and fittings, marketing and operation of the business model. This guidance is based on years of experience the franchiser has gained not only from running the business model but also from advising other franchisees. Buying a franchise business is at least a five year commitment and as such should not be taken lightly. It is important to make the right lifestyle choice rather than basing the decision to buy purely on profitability of the business model. A prospective franchisee should always look at the market trends to ascertain whether the need and requirements of the products of the franchise opportunity are predicted to grow or decline over the medium and long term. Getting advice from an experienced accountant can help in this respect. What makes the franchisers products better than the competition? Is the franchisor continually investing in improving the products to reflect changes in latest trends and requirements of the customers? Analysing which products have been changed and new ones introduced over the last five years will help in this regard. The territory is just as important as the franchise model. Not all franchises work in all territories as each area has their demographics and buying patterns. Decent knowledge of the local area is invaluable and the choice of which type of franchise business to buy should be made with regards to this information. Making the right choice of franchise that is based on individual skills as well as the individual requirements of each particular territory should serve to ensure that the business model works both in the short term and the long term International Franchising International franchising refers to a domestic businesss expansion into foreign countries and markets. International franchising is a complex process that requires thorough considerations of many factors, such as feasibility, adaptability, and benefits versus risks. Replication: During the process of international franchising, companies often strive to replicate successful domestic business models in foreign markets. Challenge: Differences in language, laws and financial systems, between franchising business and host foreign market can pose serious challenges during international expansion. Benefits: International franchising means new markets with new customers and selling potentials. International franchising also places companys name and presence in a global market. Adaptability: learning to adapt to the needs and demands of a new foreign market can attract local customers and buyers and lead to higher business success in a new country. Counsel: International franchising experts help companies understand a foreign market before expansion. Consultants advise businesses on a number of subjects, from financing to culture gaps. Advantages: There is a higher likelihood of success since a proven business formula is in place. The products, services, and business operations have already been established. Bankers usually look at successful franchise chains as having a lower risk of repayment default and are more likely to loan money based on that premise. The corporate image and brand awareness is already recognized. Consumers are generally more comfortable purchasing items they are familiar with and working with companies they know and trust. Franchise companies usually provide extensive training and support to their franchisees in effort to help them succeed. Many times products and services are advertised at a local and national level by the main franchise companies. This practice helps boost sales for all franchisees, but individual franchisees dont absorb the cost. Disadvantages: Franchises can be costly to implement. Also, many franchises charge ongoing royalties cutting into the profits of franchisees. Franchisors usually require franchisees to follow their operations manual to a tee in order to ensure consistency. This limits any creativity on the part of the franchisee. Franchisees must be very good at following directions in order to maintain the image and level of service already established. If the franchisee is not capable of running a quality business or does not have proper funding, this could curtail success. Sometimes franchisors may be lax on their commitment to support the franchisee. Also, they may make poor decisions that would have an ill effect on the franchisee. Therefore, it is important to research any franchise concept thoroughly before signing any agreements. Benefits on International Franchising Purchasing a franchise is one way for an entrepreneur to get started in business. Franchises offer a proven business model to follow as well as support in areas like financing and training. International franchises can provide the opportunity to take advantage of growing global markets, although the franchisee will need to overcome the hurdles associated with adapting to the ways of a new country. Cultural Adaptation Franchises provide the business owner with a full range of support services. This proves beneficial when it comes to adapting to the ways of a foreign country. The company can help you hire local management and workers who are familiar with the methods of doing business in the country, which can make the transition much smoother. Business Expansion If you already own an established franchise and are looking to expand, adding units in another country can provide a more profitable alternative to an already saturated market. This is particularly meaningful if you sell a product or service that is rather common in your home country. Cornering the Market You may even be fortunate enough to open a franchise in a country where there is little competition and there is a great need for your product or service. This will enable you to corner the market and possibly open several locations, establishing you as the leader in your business before the inevitable entrance of competitors occur. Change of Lifestyle Owning a franchise in another country can result in a new and exciting way of life. Franchisees from a cold climate may relish the opportunity to move to a warm, sunny locale to open a business. Some may also look forward to expanding their horizons by experiencing and assimilating into a new culture. Taking Advantage of Growth If current franchisees are experiencing slow business due to the home countrys stagnant economy, they can seek to open another unit in an area experiencing strong growth. Countries and areas exhibiting growth as of 2010 include China, Latin America and the Middle East. Advantages of international franchising Franchising is a unique form of business arrangement. The original company (called the franchisor) enters into a contract with a second business (called the franchisee) in which the original company offers the second business the right to operate under the original businesss name and the right to sell its product. The franchisor usually offers guidance and expertise to the franchisee. All of this is done for a fee, and though having a franchise isnt the same as starting a business from scratch, there are a number of advantages to the system. This is also true for international franchises. Reputation The major benefit of a franchise is that franchises reputation. If a franchise is well known for offering a certain type of product or service and a new branch of that franchise opens up locally, then people know roughly what to expect. For international franchises there are some additional issues of reputation to consider. For instance, the country of origin that the franchise comes from could be viewed as exotic, which will bring in additional business. Financing Franchises are viewed as a business plan thats already undergone a trial by fire and succeeded. Generally speaking, this makes them much easier to finance, as far as getting loans from banks is concerned. If a franchises reputation and success can be clearly shown, then the bank knows the franchisee has a much better chance of succeeding than he would if he were trying to start up a new and independent business. This is even truer for companies that are known internationally, which makes banks feel even more generous when it comes to assisting with business financing. Support Regardless of whether or not the franchisee sets up in the franchises hometown or on the other side of the world, an international franchise has the capability of extending support, advice and training to franchisees. The franchise offers training manuals, access to supply networks, advice and other forms of help to the franchisees. This is especially true where an international franchise is concerned, because every franchisee impacts the franchises reputation and reach. If all of the franchisees do well, then it will increase the franchises reputation, reach and even their brand recognition. Franchising primary benefit is risk minimization. Starting a new business is risky. Most studies show that over 90 percent fail within three years. The primary reason that the failure rate is so high is because the owners have to go through the learning curve of operating that specific type business. Franchising reduces that curve substantially. Another reason to buy a franchise is that a franchise investment can be thoroughly researched before any significant expenditure is made. Existing franchisees offer a wealth of information about the business so that new franchisees can try the business on before they buy to make sure its a good fit for them. Franchisers sell a defined, proven business format or method of operation, offering a product or service that has sold successfully. An independent business is based on both an untried idea and operation. The experience of the franchisers management team increases the potential for success. This experience is often conveyed through formal instruction and on-the-job training. Franchisees can often buy lower-cost goods and supplies through the franchiser, resulting from the group purchasing power of all the franchises. Established franchisers offer national or regional name recognition. While this may not be true with a new franchiser, the benefit of starting with one is the potential to grow as its business and name recognition grow. Franchising provides a uniform system of operation, so that consumers receive uniform quality, efficiently and cost-effectively. A uniform system brings with it the advantages of mass purchasing power, brand identification, and customer loyalty, capitalizing on the proven format. A franchiser also provides management assistance, including accounting procedures, personnel and facility management. An individual with experience in these areas may not be familiar with how to apply them in a new business. The franchiser helps a franchisee overcome this lack of experience. Franchisors help franchisees develop a business plan. Many elements of the plan are standard operating procedures established by the franchisor. The most difficult part of a new business is its start-up, since even experienced managers lack the knowledge to set up a new business. One of the biggest benefits to franchising is marketing. The franchiser can prepare and pay for the development of professional advertising campaigns. Regional or national marketing done by the franchiser benefits all franchisees. In addition, the franchiser can provide advice about how to develop effective marketing programs for a local area through a cooperative marketing fund, to which the franchisees contribute a percentage of their gross income. Its possible to receive assistance in financing a new franchise through the franchiser, who often makes arrangements with a lending institution to lend money to a franchisee. The franchisee must still accept responsibility for the loan, but the franchisers involvement usually increases the likelihood that a loan will be approved. A franchiser also provides training for the franchisee. This is especially important if the concept is complex. The best training combines classroom or one-on-one training at the franchisers facility with field training at the franchisees place of business. Finally, franchising has found a solid economic niche that caters to specialized needs. Many American consumers no longer want a muffler installed by a service station, a hamburger from a diner, a pizza from someone who wont deliver it within 30 minutes or their hair cut by a local barber. Specialists, it seems, do it better, and the franchise industry is only too willing help. Once you become a franchisee and part of a franchise organization, What are your roles and responsibilities? Financial The first function you have in your new endeavour is as an investor into your business. You will need to invest financially with an initial franchising fee, but also be prepared to pay any additional costs that might be necessary to get the business up and running such as equipment costs. Also, there will be ongoing royalty fees that you will need to be aware of. Time Secondly, you will need to be sure that you can invest an adequate amount of time in the business. Although the system is basically set up in franchising, you will still need to initially spend extra time learning how the system works. The franchisor usually offers training and continuous support, hence the ongoing royalty payments. Like anything else, once you know the ins and outs of the system, the time investment decreases somewhat. Leadership and Partnership One of the most important skills you need to possess as a franchisee is the ability to be pro-active and take initiative. You should be able to easily assume a leadership role. You need to be certain that you understand how the entire system works and not be afraid to ask the franchisor questions. It is especially important to communicate with the franchisor anything that you notice that doesnt seem right to you. After all, you are basically assuming a partnership role with the franchisor. Therefore, you should be able to work together, share ideas, and resolve issues together. You may notice something that the franchisor was not aware of since you are much closer to the business. The franchisor would probably appreciate your bringing concerns or discrepancies to the table, especially if you offer possible solutions. Communication With all of the responsibilities that the franchisee holds, communication and organizational skills are key skills to possess as a franchisee. As mentioned, it is important to keep in close communication with your franchisor. In addition, you will need to be able to communicate effectively with your customers, employees, vendors, and other business contacts. Furthermore, it can be quite beneficial to team up with other franchisees on a regular basis. It can help you run your business more smoothly if you share ideas and solutions to problems experienced with others in the same capacity. Organization In your role as franchisee, you should be prepared to wear many hats. In operating the business, you will most likely have to manage all the daily operations involved in operating a business, including ordering supplies, meeting with customers and vendors, preparing payroll, resolving discrepancies, etc. These are just a few of your sub-roles depending on the type of business you are running. It is essential to be able to organize all of your responsibilities so that everything gets done accurately and in a timely manner. In conclusion, as long as you understand your role as a franchisee and make every effort to carry it out thoroughly, you should be able to manage a successful franchise.

Herbal Medicine :: essays research papers fc

Herbal Medicine I would like to start out by saying a verse from Genesis 1:29-30 â€Å"And God said, behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.† This verse from the bible has a powerful, but simple meaning; all herbs shall be taken in to our body as the meat for healing. I not only believe in herbs because it is said in the bible, but because herbal medicine has the power to prevent & heal. Why?, well, its quite simple really, our bodies are organic, so, why would you want to take in something that’s inorganic, would it not be wiser to allow the body to heal with organic products. That’s exactly what you are doing when taking pain relievers, heparin, and antihypertensive medications just to name a few. In herbal medicine, the patient is empowered, and since herbs are certainly more convenient, without prescriptions or limitations, more patients can enjoy their benefits. The benefits which I’m speaking of is the ability to prevent & heal. Let’s take cardiovascular disease for example, which just happens to be the leading cause of death in the U.S., and according to Dr. David Vastola in his book To y our good health, he wrote out a section with a natural alternative for CAD and hypertension, how, well he says by taking in Omega 3, L-Carnitine, and Coenzyme Q10, that these 3 things can help a person to cope with CAD, and as for hypertension all they have to do is either to take Coenzyme Q10 or Hawthorne. Have we all here heard one time or another that ulcers are cause by stress, well, the NIH said that ulcers are caused by the helicobacterpylori bacteria, not by stress, and the NIH said that they can be â€Å"cured† with a combination of the trace mineral bismuth and tetracycline. The number two cause of death in America as we all know is Cancer, well, the NCI (Sept 1993) and Harvard Medical School performed a study on cancer patients, and the results were that they found an anti-cancer diet.

Calcutta University Essay

It is a great pleasure for one who engages oneself in writing a preface of this nature relating to a noble cause – cause of spreading education in a region suffering from many shortcomings in the field of higher education. North Bengal as a region is full of rich social systems with diversified cultural heritage and only through proper educational facilities can these sociocultural diversities be made known to other parts of this country. With this definite purpose in view, our University started imparting higher education through the Distance Education mode – a mode hitherto unpractised and untested. As the seat for higher learning in this vast region, is well aware of its social commitment – commitment to reach every nook and corner with the lamp of education. We believe and it is admitted that Universities and other Educational Institution should play the role of a catalyst for social change which is again dependent on large scale participation of the young people in the policy formulation process, may be directly or indirectly. In fact, with this end in view, the University decided and decided rightly, to open the door of higher education to the lakhs of young but aspiring people in this region. It is really heartening to note that the response the University has received and is receiving is simply overwhelming. It shows that the decision of offering education through Distance Education mode is not only justified but also relevant. Distance Education programme which is being carried through the Directorate of Distance Education, University of North Bengal cannot be successful without the support and cooperation from all sections of the population. Such an enterprise by University runs on a reciprocal basis – a reciprocity which can build a solid foundation in this respect. The University should be considered as a rallying point around which all the education loving people of different cross section of the society should come closer. The enterprise is loaded with ambition – the idea of making a brighter tomorrow. What is needed is the application of collective wisdom and in this respect, our region does not, in any way, lag behind. Sincere effort and dedication will ultimately win. Prof. Pradip Kumar Sengupta Director 5 6 TH E C O LLEG E STU D Y C EN TR ES Balurghat College Distance Education Centre P. O. Balurghat, Dt. Dakshin Dinajpur, PIN – 733 101 Co-ordinator Shri Purushottam Haldar, Department Of Chemistry Phone – (03522) 255392 (O)/ 257521 (R) Jalpaiguri A. C. College Distance Education Centre P. O. & Dt. Jalpaiguri, PIN – 735 101 Co-ordinator Dr. Dhiraj Kumar Basak, Reader in Physics Phone – (03561) 255554 (O), 255861 (R) Kurseong College Distance Education Centre P. O. Kurseong, Dt. Darjeeling, PIN – 734 203 Co-ordinator Sri Rohit Sharma, Senior Lecturer in Commerce Phone – (0354)2344223(O), 2330196 (R). Malda College Distance Education Centre P.O. & Dt. Malda, PIN – 732 101 Co-ordinator Md. Jafrullah, Selection Grade Lecturer in Accountancy Phone – (03512) 220807 (O), 250175 (R) Raiganj College (University College) Distance Education Centre P. O. Raiganj, Dt. Uttar Dinajpur, PIN – 733 134 Co-ordinator Dr. Chinmoy Basu, Reader in Physics Phone – (03523) 252564 (O), 253733 (R) Siliguri College Distance Education Centre P. O. Siliguri, Dt. Darjeeling, PIN – 734 401 Co-ordinator Prof. Mrinal Kanti Ghosh, Reader in Physics Phone – (0353) 2436590 (O), 2512770 (R) University B. T. & Evening College Distance Education Centre P. O. & Dt. Cooch Behar, PIN – 736 101 Co-ordinator Sri Aniruddha Burmon, Lecturer in English Phone – (03582) 222714 (O), 226729 (R) Dambar Singh Degree College, Gangtok, Sikkim Sri Suresh Chettri, Lecturer in -charge Phone- (03592) 281743 7 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL : The University of North Bengal was established by an Act of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in November 1962 and affiliated to the University Grants Commission under section 2(f) & 12(B). It was assigned the mandate during the course of its establishment of providing teaching, training and research in various branches of advanced learning and promoting the dissemination of knowledge to fulfill growing socioeconomic and technical manpower needs in the six northern districts of West Bengal known as North Bengal and the neighbouring state of Sikkim. The campus occupies an area of about 330 acres, 9 km outside Siliguri Town, the gate way of North East India and Bagdogra Airport, the only Air Port in North Bengal in the Terai region of Darjeeling district. The University Act was revised under West Bengal Act of XXV of 1981 and it came into force with effect from September 16, 1981. The University has played a pioneering role since inception in spreading higher education and inculcating scientific attitudes within the predominantly rural areas that comprise its vast jurisdictional territory. Well over 36,000 undergraduate students and over 1500 postgraduate students and scholars now enroll at different courses under the formal system of the University during any given year. Besides the territory under its immediate jurisdiction, the University also gets students and scholars from adjoining areas in Bihar and the North Eastern states of the country, as also from SAARC countries like Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Several pioneering contributions made by researchers at the university have contributed to wider understanding of the special problems that confront the Eastern Himalayan and sub-Himalayan region and have provided practical inputs for current developmental interventions in the region. The University offers courses in various disciplines under the faculties of Arts, Commerce & Law, Science and in Medicine through its 73 Under Graduate Colleges including Engineering, Pharmacy, Medicine, Dentistry, Management and 21 Post Graduate Departments and 12 Centres. A part from the traditional programmes, the University has played a pioneering role in launching various professional job-related courses to help students interested in acquiring special skills to enhance their learning and earning capabilities. Besides the University is also offering various courses under the Distance Education mode to cater to the needs of further education of thousands of deserving students, particularly in remote areas through its Directorate of Distance Education. 2. THE DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION : The Directorate of Distance Education of the University of North Bengal was established in the year 2000 by a decision of the Executive Council of the University. It has introduced M. A. / M. Sc. / Bridge Courses in Bengali, 8 English, Nepali, History, Political Science, Philosophy and Mathematics under the Distance Education mode. It has also introduced B. A. (General) course at the Under Graduate level under the same mode. So far the Directorate has developed College Study Centres (see section 5 for details) in any one of which a candidate can pursue distance learning according to his/ her convenience. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSES : The main objective of the Distance Education is to widen the base of higher education among students who do not get opportunities to avail such education in the formal sector through admission as regular students in a University. Distance Learning or teaching through Distance Education courses is now a popular mode. It is recognized as an effective method of instruction in all advanced countries of the world. In the fast developing socio-economic milieu of today, educational facilities need constant refurbishing and augmentation. It is now acknowledged by the academics of all shades that it is learning, which is important, and not the channel or the process through which one gets enrolled for education. The educational system in India has been transforming from time to time taking into consideration the socio- political needs and economic conditions of the society. Although the contribution to several of branches of learning by the conventional educational system cannot be underestimated, the fact remains that education through the formal mode is accessible only to a few. The distance or open educational system has become an alternative mode of imparting instruction and has been meeting the demand for education of millions of people at different levels. It is an effort not only to solve the problem of over crowding in our educational institutions but also to equip the community with tools and skills to gain professional competence. However, every system has its own limitations and similarly every branch of study can not be opened through its system. Realizing the importance of the system the University of North Bengal has opened up its gate to this system of study to selected branches of disciplines at the PostGraduate level only at the initial stage. Later on it has introduced the same at Under-Graduate level within the given constraints. It may be noted that the Government of West Bengal has issued Order/ Notifications to the effect that Degrees obtained through Distance Education/ Correspondence modes shall be treated on a par with those in the formal/regular modes. The University Grants Commission has also recognized this course on a par with regular courses. 4. ELIGIBILITY FOR ENROLMENT: B. A. (General) : Any person having passed Higher Secondary (10+2) or equivalent examination from any recognized Board/ Council of Higher Education are eligible for enrolment provided he/she has obtained qualifying marks in each of minimum five subjects. The enrolled students shall be eligible to appear at the Part I/ II examination in the year corresponding to the regular students. A candidate securing at least 30% marks at the B. A. Part -I examination in each subject and in the aggregate 9 shall be eligible to appear at the B. A. Part-ll examination. Elective subjects to be offered other than compulsory subjects at the B. A. (General) course are Bengali, English, Nepali, Political Science, History, Sociology, Education and Philosophy. Bridge Course: Any graduate in the B. A. / B. Sc. (pass) (10+2+2 Pattern) from any recognized University is eligible for enrolment to this course provided that anyone of the subjects mentioned below must have been studied in the graduation level as an elective subject. Subjects: Bengali, English, Nepali, Political Science, History, Philosophy & Mathematics. B. A. / B. Sc. (Honours) graduates (10+2+3 pattern/ equivalent) who have not studied any of those subjects as an elective subject in the third year but only in previous years are also eligible for enrolment. Duration of the course is one year. A candidate securing at least 34% marks shall be eligible for enrolment at the Post-Graduate Part – I on that subject under Distance Education mode. 5. ENROLMENT SCHEDULE : Candidates are required to submit the Application form for enrolment at the Directorate in the prescribed application form either in person or by post along with prescribed fee in cash in the University cash counter/ S. B. I. NBU Campus Branch counter or demand draft drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal on S. B. I, N. B. U. Campus Branch. Besides, candidates may also submit the Application form for enrolment along with prescribed fee through a crossed demand draft drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal payable at S. B. I, N. B. U. Campus Branch at N. B. U. Calcutta Camp Office, S-2/ 1, flat No. 1, Sector III, Block – FC, Shrabani Abashan, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700 091 and the following colleges : Balurghat College, Malda College, Raiganj College (University College), Siliguri College, Kurseong College, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri a University B. T and Evening College, Coochbehar and Dambar Singh Degree College, Gangtok. Prescribed Application Form and Prospectus will also be available in these colleges and N. B. U. Calcutta Camp Office on payment of price of application Form and Prospectus through a crossed demand draft following the procedure mentioned earlier. 6. FEE STRUCTURE (IN RS. ) : Particulars B. A. Part -I 200 3,000 500 50 150 – 200 B. A. Part – II 200 2,000 500 – 150 150 – Bridge Course 200 2,500 500 50 150 – 200 Enro1rolment Fee Cost of Study Material Examination Fee Identity Card Centre Fee Diploma Fee Registration Fee* 10 Late Fee Other Fees Examination reappearance Fee Defaulters Fee for not completing students sheets (assignment) Response 100 100 100 500 500 500 500 500 500 *For students other than North Bengal University. All fees shall be payable in one installment at the time of enrolment. Additional fees (if applicable) are to be paid at the time of filling up of the examination forms. Note : In cases where application forms are downloaded from University’s Website, the candtdate have to deposit Rs. 200/- in cash or through Bank Draft as fee for application and prospectus. 7. MODE OF PAYMENT : All payments should be made through a crossed Demand Draft drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal payable at State Bank of India, N. B. U. Campus Branch. Payments may also be paid in cash in the Cash Counter of the University Finance Branch and State Bank of India, N. B.U. Campus Branch. 8. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION : Study materials will be supplied to the students either in Bengali or English at their choice mentioned in the application form for enrolment but one can write both in Bengali, English or Nepali on his/her answer papers in the examinations and also on assignment sheets, subject to the condition that only one particular language shall be used during examination. 9. SYLLABUS : The syllabi to be followed in the B. A. (General) course under Distance Education mode shall be similar to the regular B. A. (General) courses in the subjects concerned. For Bridge courses, the syllabi will be supplied to the enrolled students. Qualifying marks for appearing/taking the B. A. (General) part II examination are similar to that of the regular students. A candidate is required to complete the course in maximum four academic years from the date of joining to this course. Those who will not be able to complete the course within four years shall have to re-register as fresh candidates. 11 10. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION : Study Material : Instruction/Course Materials for each paper will normally be available from the college Study Centres as per choice of the students. Enrolment cards of the students will be dispatched to the students by post. Those intending to collect enrolment cards in person may collect the same from the Directorate of Distance Education. Assignments: There shall be assignments for every paper both for Part – I & Part – II examinations carrying 15% marks. Candidates shall be required to complete the respective assignments and send it to the competent authority by post or in person within the stipulated time. There shall be two periodic assignments for each paper, the best of which in terms of marks shall be counted. The same is applicable for Bridge Course students. Personal Contact Programmes (PCP) : Personal Contact Programmes (PCP) to be organized in the colleges mentioned in item 5 or elsewhere within North Bengal will involve interaction with the teachers/counsellors. Duration of Personal Contact Programmes will normally be 8 – 10 days each for B. A. (General) Part – I, Part – II & Bridge Course. PCPs may be organized in College Study Centres other than that where a candidate has taken admission in cases whose subject wise clusters of Colleges have been made due to insuffiency of students in a subject at a College Study Centre. Personal Contact Programmes shall be compulsory for a candidate for appearance at a University examination. 11. EXAMINATIONS: Examination Forms for all the courses shall be sent to the concerned students with all relevant information well in advance from the Controller of Examinations. The students shall have to fill the Examination Form as per given instructions and send the same to the university along with the Demand Draft of all fees by Registered Post so as to reach the University before the specified date. Admit Cards shall be issued to the candidates along with the  programme schedule well in advance of commencement of the examinations. 12. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION: B. A. (General) Part –I and Part – II Examinations will be held at the end of second year and third year respectively. Examination for Bridge Courses in Bengali, Nepali, English, History, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics will be held at the end of the course (one-year). 12 13. AWARD OF CLASS/ DIVISION : Students will be awarded Class/ Division as per rules of the University applicable for the Regular Courses. 14. RULES FOR REGISTRATION/ MIGRATION CERTIFICATE : The candidates who have obtained their Graduate/ Post graduate Degrees of North Bengal University and have not migrated to any other University will be required to mention the Registration Number along with the session. Candidates who are from outside North Bengal University shall be required to submit Migration Certificate in Original at the time of enrolment. Otherwise the enrolment shall remain as provisional upto two months, after which the Directorate of Distance Education reserves the right to cancel the enrolment without any financial liability on its part. 15. ENROLMENT/ROLL NUMBER : Every candidate who is admitted to the Directorate shall be assigned an Enrolment/ Roll No. which shall be valid during the entire period of the course when he/ she continues to be a student of the Directorate of Distance Education. In all communications addressed to the Directorate, the student must mention his/ her Enrolment/ Roll No. in full. Correspondence without the Enrolment no. will entail delays and difficulties both to the Directorate and the students and at times the office may not be in position to respond. 16. IDENTITY CARD : The Directorate shall supply each candidate an Identity Card. The blank Identity Card sent with Prospectus containing the Application Form must be filled up properly. The particulars may be attested by a College/ University Teacher/ Officer. The Identity Card must be preserved till completion of the course. This Card must be produced whenever required by the authorities and at the time of Personal Contact Programme (PCP), University examination and other purposes. The candidate shall be responsible for the safe-keeping of the I. D.  card ,the loss of which must be reported to the local police station before a duplicate card will be issued. A mutilated card must be replaced by paying requisite fees. 17. DOCUMENTS TO BE ATTACHED WITH THE APPLICATION FORM FOR ADMISSION : The following documents must be attached with the Application Form and any lapse in this connection may result in the delay in finalization of the admission process: 13 a) Prescribed fees by Demand Draft in favour of North Bengal University payable at State Bank of India, North Bengal University Campus Branch. b) Original proof for date of Birth i. e. Admit Card/ Certificate (M. P. / H. S. or equivalent), Marksheets, University Registration Certificate, other testimonials (to be returned on the same date) and attested copies of them is to be submitted. Original documents will be returned by post after the admission to the students who apply by post. The same can also be collected in person. c) Migration Certificate in original from the University studied (if applicable). The Migration Certificate shall not be returned. d) Recent stamp size photographs of the candidates (not to be attested) are to be pasted on the application form and on the Identity Card. 18. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS : a) If a candidate desires to obtain Migration Certificate from the Directorate of Distance Education by discontinuation of study, all the prescribed fees including those for the Part – II course shall have to be paid. There shall not be any fee concession to any category of students. Fee once paid by the candidate will neither be refunded nor adjusted. b) Candidates are not eligible for concessional Bus Fare Bus). (University c) If any of the dates mentioned in the Notification/ Circular etc. happen to be a holiday/ bandh, the relevant documents shall be accepted on the next working day. d) At the backside of the Demand Draft all particulars of the candidate must be provided. 19. CONTACT ADDRESS : All correspondences should be addressed to – The Director Directorate of Distance Education University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur P. O. North Bengal University Dt. Darjeeling, PIN – 734 430 West Bengal, India Phone : (0353) 2582116/ 2582117/ 2582218 Fax : 0353 2581546 Visit us at http//dddnbu. tripod. com E-mail:dee_soumitra@yahoo. com 14 NBU Kolkata Camp Office: S-2/1, Sector 3, Block FC, Shrabani Abasan, Salt Lake, Kolkata-91. Ph. No. (033) 23371836. 15 16.

Why do people criticize types of music like metal

Since that decade heavy metal was divided in many branches where they born different types of heavy metal as: Nu metal, dark metal, doom metal, metal core, rock metal, alternative metal, death metal, Christian metal, trash metal, etc then they generalized heavy metal as metal, and heavy metal started making part of metal. So this music stared to be a door for the teenagers that wants to highlight from others that's why the majority of metal heads have piercing and tattoos. Society didn't accept them and judging from their appearance the stereotype metal as† satanic†.The people that don't listen to metal because just didn't like this genre just prefer to don't comment and keep distance. But metal is strongly criticized by society and there are people that said that metal is only an excuse to use drugs and alcohol, because in all the genres metal is the one that has the most drug addict followers. Others said Metal Heads are dark and satanic as the famous singer Justine bib ber that said:† I reject metal. Why? Because is an insipid, violent and dark music that incite teenagers to follow the path of the sin and to lock n a melodramatic and melancholic way of life without sense. Metal constantly resave critics by another famous genre called regulate, with comments as: â€Å"those teenagers are violent they express their self in a bad way and live their live like a punish, like something bad. † â€Å"Regulate wants to contagious world with happiness and Metal Heads just try to cloud happiness with their gloomy and sad thoughts. † â€Å"metal is not music there are just screams without harmony. † As metal is a different type of music that express rebellion and rudeness, metal is present to the ones who didn't know about his genre as bad music, also people get scare about the content of the lyrics.Many religious people or Scientific' use phrases like:†all metal is satanic. † ‘the members of that band love Satan. † ‘the lyrics of that song backward and translated in an old Portuguese language is part of a indigenous ritual to call Satan spirit. † These arguments aren't valid and aren't proven. One thing is for certain, that there are satanic bands but these are very few, and are part of one of the branches call death metal or black metal, this branch is for satanic ands only, and this one's didn't have hide their intentions. Metal change personality' no, people look them different because they present a different attitude, Metal Heads didn't fallow modes they just are unite because of the feeling of the music. All this disturbance is because the hypocrisy of the society that talk about values but they didn't practice, Metal Heads show their self as they are, they do not hide their likes or feelings, that's why the rude lyrics an strong sounds.Play metal is not easy the complexion of the music is ere low as Metallic, system of a down, avenged sevenfold or AC/dc, and people c riticized them for them is very sad that all their effort is not considerate. As James Hatfield the first voice o the famous group Metallic that said â€Å"Honestly, all my years of carrier have been disqualified by inexperienced people that move masses in a way I don't like. † Boring in mind the both sides of the coin, there is a very interesting opinion. â€Å"All the likes and dislikes have to be respected, but when someone criticized metal has to have arguments to catalog metal as satanic.

The portrayal of women Essays

The portrayal of women Essays The portrayal of women Essay The portrayal of women Essay Women are portrayed very differently in these pre-twentieth short stories than they are in real life today. This helps to show how differently women were looked at generally before 1900. Women were seen at as inferior and the second sex in these stories. They are also seen as breeding machines and if they did not have a husband to support them with money, then they would die. This is in stark contrast to today, where they are independent and lead their own lives. Women no longer need a man to survive. In The Half Brothers by Elizabeth Gaskell, women are regarded as needing a husband to stay alive. This is shown in the very first line of the story, My mother was twice married. Even in this small statement, we can see from the fact that she was married twice that she needed a husband. When her first husband died, the mother was left with a huge mountain to climb, and the farm on her hands for four years more by the lease, with half the stock on it dead, or sold off one by one to pay the more pressing debts, and with no money to purchase more. This quote shows that without a husband, her life is a struggle. She has been left with a farm which she does not know how to run, with dying animals, and with no money whatsoever. The fact that she was expecting another child meant that her life would have been full of fear of not having enough money to be able to support her and her family. I can see that she is desperate from when her sister comes over and together they, planned and plotted how to make every penny they could raise go as far as possible. We also know that food is short when the story says, but my mother knew that they were pinched, and that aunt Fanny herself had not as much to eat, even of the commonest kind of food, as she could have done with; and as for Gregory, he was not a strong lad. The question of money is eradicated when William Preston asks the mother to marry him. He is a wealthy man and he promises to look after her and her boy. She would never have to do anything ever again because William Preston can provide her with everything she would ever need, and as William Prestons wife she would never need to do anything, if she chose to sit with her hands before her; and a boy was a great charge to a widowed mother; and now there would be a decent, steady man to see after him. The only problem is that she does not love William Preston but it seems as if the offer of marriage is too good to refuse. Indeed it was too good to refuses and she and William Preston were married. This situation again highlights the need of a woman for a husband. Here the woman has married a man purely for money, so that she can have a comfortable life with her children. She does not even love the man, and never smiled after the day when she promised William Preston to be his wife.