The Gothic Villain Essay - 942 Words

The Gothic Villain Who is the Gothic Villain? Is he a villain/hero? Is he a dangerous lover? The villain is usually dark and handsome, though he might have some tell-tell sign that warns he is wicked. The villains ranged from dark priests to mysterious bandits. Some start out as heroes but turn into villains. The Gothic villain has several identifying characteristics. They are shifty, cunning and can mold their behavior to match the need of the circumstance. Villains will utilize intimidation, deception, and even flattery to attain their objective. So, who is the villain-hero? This villain may start out at the beginning of the story as a hero, or he may possess heroic characteristics, such as charisma, or he may have a†¦show more content†¦By undermining typical principles of the Gothic hero (William Harding), Faber tricks his arbitrators into feeling sympathy for him, a deception that makes him much more calculating and undermining than conventional Gothic villains† (Jett). Poe is greatly inspired by Simmss Martin Faber, so much so that this villain is the basis for ‘William Wilson.’ â€Å"Many similarities exist between the two. Both Simmss Faber and Poes Wilson self-condemn their sinister deeds and must confront their conscious minds, represented by Gothic double figures† (Jett). These ‘doppelgangers’ are the villains conscious. For instance, Martin’s doppelganger is his friend William Harding. William is responsible for â€Å"bringing Martin to justice for the murder of Emily Andrews† (Jett). Wilsons doppelganger is a schoolmate who has his same name and challenges him whenever he gives into his evil side. Their selfish needs motivate Faber and Wilson. â€Å"However, the major difference between the two centers on Wilsons inability to express guilt over his sins and Fabers perpetual need to confess his. Consequently, Poe failed to establish a dynamic Gothic villain in William Wilson—one capa ble of demonstrating feigned remorse in multidimensional facets Wilson commits only trivial crimes, hardly comparable to Fabers crime of murder† (Jett). Many of Poes villains take on the characteristics of the self-indulgentShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Develoment of the Horror Genre1076 Words   |  5 Pages The term Gothic is significant for the understanding of the origins and development of the horror genre. Both of these genres differ, whilst Gothic literature is the text that explores the frightening extremes in mankind, horror focuses more on the unknown. The Gothic horror genre has changed over time and retains importance because it is the antecedent of the horror genre. Factors such as the definition of the word Gothic, the archetypes of the genre, and its social and historical contexts, haveRead MoreDracula: The Picture Perfect Ideal of Gothic Literature Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesDracula: The Picture Perfect Ideal of Gothic Literature. Gothicism has been a very popular genre of book, through past and present, and Bram Stoker’s, Dracula, is no exception. One of the most widely read novels of all time, Dracula possesses all the features of a classic gothic novel. The various dark and dreary features throughout the entire novel paints a perfect gothic picture for the reader and contribute to the mixture of feelings One gets while reading Dracula. The first feature of GothicismRead MoreWhat Makes Frankenstein A Gothic Novel?877 Words   |  4 Pages2016 What makes Frankenstein a gothic novel? Mary Shelley creates a sense of gloom, mystery, and suspense, in her novel Frankenstein. The book generates these perceptions though the setting and the terrible events that go on throughout the book. Gothic novels came from the English genre of fiction popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. Gothics are defined by the mysterious and horrific atmosphere, similar to that of Mary Shelley’s writing. Frankenstein is a gothic novel because of the combined elementsRead MoreWomen in Gothic Literature Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in gothic literature are presented as either evil or victims how far do you agree? The Gothic genre is an increasingly popular area for feminist studies, showing contrasts in society at the time and the expectations of women within it. In pre industrial times, women were expected to play a subservient role to men, they were expected to marry young and bare children, they would simply care for their husbands and support the family, they were denied the right to vote or own property and wereRead MoreGothic Literature is Just Terrible Essay examples766 Words   |  4 Pagesto it. Gothic Literature (or more specifically, the gothic romance) was first introduced to the world in the year 1764. At that time a man by the name of Horace Walpole wrote a little ditty he titled The Castle of Otranto which most literary experts seem to agree is the Gothic pioneer. At the time, there were mixed reactions, to say the least. To quote one pundit: ...it presented, at first, a topic for argument and inflammatory rhetoric (Alfred Potter, from Gothic HorrorRead MoreLiterary Analysis : A Wonderful Novel 898 Words   |  4 Pageslooking at gothic elements that go with this book, I am deep-rooted with the fact that secondary character with a disability will offer words of unusual insight and truth, hero-villains who are haunted by the past, and individual character who see themselves at the mercy of the forces out of their control show that the memories of those who have passed can hinder and disrupt those who are living. The secondary character with a disability will offer words of unusual insight and truth is a gothic novelRead MoreGothic Elements In Dracula Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesis a staple of the Gothic Horror genre. It is a novel that has been scrutinized by countless readers since it was published in 1897. While Stoker s novel is certainly not the first example of a piece of gothic horror, or even the first example of a gothic horror story focusing categorically on vampires, it still managed to plenarily capture the attention of the public. But not only did Dracula enthrall the readers of its time, but it perpetuated to be a mainstay of the gothic horror genre, and wasRead More Victor is the True Villain of Frankenstein Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagescircumstance. The real villain of Frankenstein isnt the creature, but rather his creator, Victor. As a romantic novel Victor is responsible, because he abandoned his creation. As an archetype novel, Victor is the villain, because he was trying to play god. Finally, Victor as a Gothic novel, Victor is at fault, because, he and the creature are two different parts of the same person. If Frankenstein is looked at as a romantic novel, Victor, not the creature, is truly the villain. When Victor createdRead MoreGothic Motifs Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1165 Words   |  5 Pageswritten in the form of Gothic Literature. This novel was written by Bram Stoker in the Victorian Age. A large portion of this piece of writing deals with many famous Gothic motifs. Gothic Literature combines the usual Gothic horror with fiction and Romanticism (Wikipedia). A motif is a distinctive symbol or dominant idea used in literature. So therefore, a Gothic motif is a literary symbol that usually combines fiction with either horror or romance. Bram Stoker’s usage of Gothic motifs not only helpsRead Mor e The Woman In White, by Wilkie Collins Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Woman In White, by Wilkie Collins, is a successful gothic novel of the 19th century. It is a 3-volume novel; each volume (epoch) finishing with the reader eagerly waiting to read the next one, therefore there are many unanswered questions, in or... The Woman In White, by Wilkie Collins, is a successful gothic novel of the 19th century. It is a 3-volume novel; each ‘volume’ (epoch) finishing with the reader eagerly waiting to read the next one, therefore there are many unanswered

The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1345 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There was a time when transport, telecommunications, postal services and energy were not open to competition. This resulted into the inefficiencies causing inferior and uneconomical services to the common masses. The objective of EU commission was to liberalize these sectors and let the competitive forces decide the quality of services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This helps consumers to have improved services at economical prices. More active players in a given sector bring novelty in the services developing more choices for the consumers. This helps become economy more competitive and consumer friendly. The glaring example is the low-cost airlines being operated in Europe after European Commission opened up the airline industry to competition. Not only services in airlines business are more economical but services have also improved manifold. Another example can be given in the telecommunication sector where EU opened up the sector in January, 1998. This has resulted into the savings of 13% and 23% in their bills on fixed telephones for residential and business users of Europe respectively between 1998 and 2003. These savings were more remarkable for international calls were average cost to OECD countries came down by 41% for all residential users. Thus, it is amply clear that EU commission has been instrumental in providing economical solut ion to the consumers with much improved services. Merging of large companies in the market place could create a monopoly for them pushing the prices of their products and jeopardizing the interests of consumers. The EU commission keeps a check on this and safeguards the interests of users so that large companies cannot take undue advantage of their large controlling market share in the business. Elf Aquitaine and TotalFina were the major players in the French petroleum market and their merger would have created a monopoly kind of situation controlling almost 60 percent of the service stations on French motorways. The merged entity would have become the largest supplier of liquid petroleum gas (LPG). This would have certainly pushed up the prices to harm the consumers. As a solution, Elf/TotalFina proposed to sell 70 service stations to competitors. On this consideration, EU commission allowed the conditional merger ensuring that consumers continue to get products at fair price. T he EU has the right to investigate the mergers with a sole aim of community protection at large. The case of merger of pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Pharmacia is worth enumerating, when commission noted that this may have an adverse impact on competition and consumers may not have sufficient choice on certain drugs. As a solution, merger companies proposed transferring some of the drugs to competitors that was agreed by EU commission protecting the interests of drug users. Similar was the case of merger of Sanofi and Synthà ©labo when two pharmaceutical companies sold off some of the products such as antibiotics, sedatives and vitamin drugs to competitors to take a clearance from EU commission for proposed merger between them. Thus, EU commission investigates all the large mergers, which may have adverse effect on the consumers. The EU commission thus, operates as a strict watch dog on the large companies trying to acquire business or proposing mergers. A free market is a necessity for fair play but sometimes it happens that in a free market companies in the similar business form a cartel and try to avoid competition. The antitrust laws enacted by EU commission come into force to protect the consumer interests when companies try to restrict the competition. In a cartel, two or more companies come together and divide the markets between them keeping prices artificially high. That is how they try to avoid the competition among themselves thus consumers are made to suffer paying high prices providing inferior services. This is the reason cartels are called illegal under EU law and commission may impose heavy fines on companies creating cartel. Due to these reasons, they are kept as a closely guarded secret and it is hard to find evidence to it. Then how does the commission control cartel? The commission has adopted a leniency policy for the company who passes on information on cartel formation to commission and the company will be saved from paying any fines on forming a cartel. This policy in fact prevents companies to indulge into practices of forming any cartelization. The example of such cartelization and subsequent fines was found in 2001 when EU commission fined eight companies for participation in cartels which were mainly to eliminate competition in vitamin sector. The fines charged were more than EUR 800 million. Another example is found in video games when Japanese company Nintendo colluded with seven of its distributors in Europe to maintain high prices across EU. The commission charged the fine of EUR 168 million on Nintendo and its distributors.   Other than cartelization, sometimes large company tries to squeeze small companies out of the market. Dominant companies are those who have large share of the market and they have economic strength to act ignoring consumers and competitors. Abusing dominant position is considered illegal for the companies. Such abuses mainly consist of charging high prices to consumers charging such a low price to drive the competition out of the market making it almost impossible for competitor to enter the market employing discriminating behavior such as refusing to deal with certain customers or giving discounts to those who buy their complete product range or all supplies from them enforcing unusual conditions such as linking sale of one product with another. The commission fined Microsoft EUR 497 million for abusing its dominant position in the market for operating system of its personal computers business between 1998 and 2004. Microsoft controlled 95% market in the business of its windows operating system and it made the purchase of windows operating system conditional with the purchase of Windows media player. Thus, Microsoft made all PCs loaded with Windows media players and forcing all application developers and content providers to switch to Windows media players for its application. Consumers get fair price and quality services when companies operate on equal basis in a free market. At times, States provide aid to national industries using public resources. A company receiving government support and aid has undue advantage over competitors, which goes against the basic principle of free competition among the companies. The state aid de-motivates other companies to operate in the market to improve services and bringing novelty in the products as it will never have fair preposition in its product/services pricing. The EC Treaty prohibits any State aid unless it is necessary and for the purpose of general economic development. In 1990s, Dutch government granted aid to SCI Systems to establish a factory to assemble PCs of Hewlett-Packard. This was against the basic principle of providing equal level ground for all and such measures would end up in promoting regional areas and in the process richer states will constantly outbid the poorer ones. SCI returned the state aid amounting to EUR 1.7 million to Dutch government. The objective of the commission is to be seen in the larger context of consumer benefits promoting even ground for all to achieve efficiency in the operations. The sole aim of discouraging State aid is not to distort competition in the market place because consumer will be benefitted by free market and not through State aid as it is never a long term solution for the improved product quality or efficient services. International cooperation on competition policy becomes essential due to globalization and increasing number of cartels and acquisitions take place outside EU. It is obvious that such activities that take place at international level likely to create impact among the EU member countries. As cartel within the union harms consumers, in the same way cartels outside EU also affect the consumers within the union. Commission also examines such cartels that take place outside EU. The EU commission remains in constant touch with other competition commission and work in coordination with them. It functions with the underlying principle that the more close-knit cooperation prevails among the international competition authorities; more are the chance for consumers to have best deal in quality and prices by taking uniform action against companies forming cartels.

Jason and the Argonauts Free Essays

string(154) " people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town\." JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS The Early Years Jason was the son of the lawful king of Iolcus, but his uncle Pelias had usurped the throne. Pelias lived in constant fear of losing what he had taken so unjustly. He kept Jason’s father a prisoner and would certainly have murdered Jason at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Jason and the Argonauts or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Jason’s mother deceived Pelias by mourning as if Jason had died. Meanwhile the infant was bundled off to the wilderness cave of Chiron the Centaur. Chiron tutored Jason in the lore of plants, the hunt and the civilized arts. When he had come of age, Jason set out like a proper hero to claim his rightful throne. The First Test Unknowingly, Jason was to play his part in a plan hatched on lofty Mount Olympus. Hera, wife of almighty Zeus himself, nursed a rage against King Pelias. For Jason’s uncle, the usurper king, had honored all the gods but Hera. Rashly had he begrudged the Queen of Heaven her due. Hera’s plan was fraught with danger; it would require a true hero. To test Jason’s mettle, she contrived it that he came to a raging torrent on his way to Iolcus. And on the bank was a withered old woman. Would Jason go about his business impatiently, or would he give way to her request to be ferried across the stream? The Oracle’s Warning Jason did not think twice. Taking the crone on his back, he set off into the current. And halfway across he began to stagger under her unexpected weight. For the old woman was none other than Hera in disguise. Some say that she revealed herself to Jason on the far shore; others claim that he never learned of the divine service he’d performed. Jason had lost a sandal in the swift-moving stream, and this would prove significant. For an oracle had warned King Pelias, â€Å"Beware a stranger who wears but a single sandal. † When Jason arrived in Iolcus, he asserted his claim to the throne. But his uncle Pelias had no intention of giving it up, particularly to a one-shoed stranger. The Challenge Under the guise of hospitality, he invited Jason to a banquet. And during the course of the meal, he engaged him in conversation. â€Å"You say you’ve got what it takes to rule a kingdom,† said Pelias. â€Å"May I take it that you’re fit to deal with any thorny problems that arise? For example, how would you go about getting rid of someone who was giving you difficulties? † Jason considered for a moment, eager to show a kingly knack for problem solving. â€Å"Send him after the Golden Fleece? † he suggested. â€Å"Not a bad idea,† responded Pelias. â€Å"It’s just the sort of quest that any hero worth his salt would leap at. Why, if he succeeded he’d be remembered down through the ages. Tell you what, why don’t you go? † The Argonauts And so it came to pass that word went out the length and breadth of Greece that Jason was looking for shipmates to embark upon a perilous but glamorous adventure. And in spite of the miniscule chances of anyone surviving to lay eyes upon the Fleece let alone get past the guarding dragon and return with the prize, large numbers of heroes were ready to run the risk. These were known as the Argonauts, after their ship, the Argo. Among them were Hercules (or Heracles, to give him his proper Greek name) and the heroine Atalanta. Jason had the vessel constructed by the worthy shipwright Argus, who in a fit of vanity named her more or less after himself. The Adventure Begins Argus had divine sponsorship in his task, Hera having enlisted the aid of her fellow goddess Athena. This patroness of crafts secured a prow for the vessel from timber hewn at the sacred grove of Zeus at Dodona. This prow had the magical property of speaking – and prophesying – in a human voice. And so one bright autumn morning the Argo set out to sea, her benches crewed by lusty ranks of heroic rowers. And true to Pelias’s fondest aspirations, it wasn’t long before big troubles assailed the company. After stopping for better than a fortnight on an island populated exclusively by women, they put in at Salmydessus. The Harpies The king welcomed them but was in no mood for festive entertainment. Because he’d offended the gods, he’d been set upon by woman-headed, bird-bodied, razor-clawed scourges known as Harpies. These Harpies were possessed of reprehensible table manners. Every evening at dinnertime, they dropped by to defecate upon the king’s repast and hung around making such a racket that he wouldn’t have been able to eat had he the stomach for it. As a result, King Phineus grew thinner by the hour. Fortunately two of Jason’s crew were direct descendants of the North Wind, which gave them the power to fly. And they kindly chased the Harpies so far away that the king was never bothered again. The Clashing Rocks In thanks, Phineus informed the Argonauts of a danger just ahead on the route to the Golden Fleece – two rocks called the Symplegades, which crashed together upon any ship passing between them. The king even suggested a mechanism by which one might avoid the effects of these Clashing Rocks. If a bird could be induced to pass between the crags first, causing them to clash together, the Argo could follow quickly behind, passing through safely before they were ready to snap shut again. By means of this device, Jason caused the rocks to spring together prematurely, nipping only the tail feathers of the bird. The Argo was able to pass between them relatively unscathed. Only her very stern was splintered. The Flying Ram Once arrived in Colchis, Jason had to face a series of challenges meted out by King Aeetes, ruler of this barbarian kingdom on the far edge of the heroic world. He and his people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town. You read "Jason and the Argonauts" in category "Essay examples" This may have been due to the newcomer’s unorthodox mode of transportation. For he arrived on the back of a golden-fleeced flying ram. The stranger’s name was Phrixus, and he had been on the point of being sacrificed when the ram carried him off. Having arrived safely in Colchis, he sacrificed the ram to the gods and hung its fleece in a grove. Aeetes gave him the hand of one of his daughters in marriage. Medea King Aeetes had taken a disliking to Jason on sight. He had no particular fondness for handsome young strangers who came traipsing into his kingdom on glorious quests featuring the trampling of his sacred grove and the carrying off of his personal property. For King Aeetes considered the Golden Fleece to be his own, and he was in the midst of telling Jason just what he could do with his precious quest when he was reminded of the obligations of hospitality by another of his daughters named Medea. Medea was motivated by more than good manners. For Hera had been looking out for Jason’s interests, and she had succeeded in persuading her fellow goddess Aphrodite to intervene on Jason’s behalf. A Farmyard Chore It was no problem at all for the Goddess of Love to arrange that Medea be stricken with passion for Jason the moment she first saw him. And it was a good thing for Jason that this was so. For not only was he spared a kingly tongue-lashing and a quick trip to the frontier, but Medea quietly offered to help him in his latest predicament. For once her father had calmed down, he had waxed suspiciously reasonable. Of course Jason could have the Fleece and anything else he required in furtherance of his quest – Aeetes couldn’t imagine what had possessed him to be so uncooperative. All he required of Jason as a simple token of good faith was the merest of farmyard chores. The Fire-Breathing Bulls There were two bulls standing in the adjacent pasture. If Jason would be so kind as to harness them, plow the field, sow it and reap the harvest in a single day, King Aeetes would be much obliged – and only too happy to turn over the Golden Fleece. Oh, and there was one trifling detail of which Jason should be aware. These bulls were a bit unusual in that their feet were made of brass sharp enough to rip open a man from gullet to gizzard. And then of course there was the matter of their bad breath. In point of fact, they breathed flames. Along about this juncture Jason thought he heard his mommy, Queen Polymede, calling. But then, as noted, Medea took him gently aside and suggested that she might be of aid. Plowing and Sowing Quite conveniently for Jason, Medea was a famous sorceress, magic potions being her stock in trade. She slipped Jason a salve which, when smeared on his body, made him proof against fire and brazen hooves. And so it was that Jason boldly approached the bulls and brooked no bullish insolence. Disregarding the flames that played merrily about his shoulders and steering clear of the hooves, he forced the creatures into harness and set about plowing the field. Nor was the subsequent sowing any great chore for the now-heartened hero. Gaily strewing seed about like a nymph flinging flowers in springtime, he did not stop to note the unusual nature of the seed. The Dragon’s Teeth Aeetes, it turns out, had got his hands on some dragon’s teeth with unique agricultural properties. As soon as these hit the soil they began to sprout, which was good from the point of view of Jason accomplishing his task by nightfall, but bad in terms of the harvest. For each seed germinated into a fully-armed warrior, who popped up from the ground and joined the throng now menacing poor Jason. Aeetes, meanwhile, was standing off to the side of the field chuckling quietly to himself. It irked the king somewhat to see his daughter slink across the furrows to Jason’s side, but he didn’t think too much of it at the time. Having proven herself polite to a fault, maybe Medea was just saying a brief and proper farewell. Conquest of the Seed Men In actuality, she was once more engaged in saving the young hero’s posterior. This time there was no traffic in magic embrocations. Medea merely gave Jason a tip in basic psychology. Jason, who it was quite clear by now lacked the heroic wherewithal to make the grade on his own, at least had the sense to recognize good advice. Employing the simple device suggested by Medea, he brought the harvest in on deadline with a minimum of personal effort. He simply threw a stone at one of the men. The man, in turn, thought his neighbor had done it. And in short order all the seed men had turned on one another with their swords until not one was left standing. The Golden Fleece Aeetes had no choice but to make as though he’d give the Fleece to Jason, but he still had no intention of doing so. He now committed the tactical error of divulging this fact to his daughter. And Medea, still entranced by the Goddess of Love, confided in turn in Jason. Furthermore, she offered to lead him under cover of darkness to the temple grove where the Fleece was displayed, nailed to a tree and guarded by a dragon. And so at midnight they crept into the sacred precinct of Ares, god of war. Jason, ever the hothead, whipped out his sword, but Medea wisely restrained his impetuosity. The Aftermath Instead, she used a sleeping potion to subvert the monster’s vigilance. Together they made off with the Fleece and escaped to the Argo. Setting sail at once, they eluded pursuit. Thus Jason succeeded in his heroic challenge. And once returned to Greece, he abandoned Medea for another princess. For though Jason had sworn to love and honor Medea for the service she had done him, he proved as fickle in this regard as he’d been unfit for single-handed questing How to cite Jason and the Argonauts, Essay examples

Justinian I Essay Example For Students

Justinian I Essay Justinian I Justinian had a very significant role in world history. There are many things that are overlooked when speaking of Justinian. For instance, Justinian was a great architect. Many times we overlook the little characteristics of Justinian and we focus on the code of Justinian. Justinian was born a barbarian, probably born of Slavic parents in Illyia. We know nothing of his early years except that his uncle adopted him. His uncle was Justin I, the emperor of Constantinople. Then in 527 A. D. , Justin made Justinian a co-ruler. Four months later, when Justin died, Justinian became the sole emperor. This was the beginning of Justinians famous rule, which lasted from 527 A. D. through 565 A. D. (The Reign of Justinian). The reign of Justinian was significant in many ways. First of all, it marked the final end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europes unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinians rule saw a flourishment in the areas of architecture, the arts, and literature. It was a time of re-building for the mpire. Justinian pursued an ambitious dream of restoring the old Roman Empire. In fact, Justinian led the Byzantine army in many wars to regain this land. These wars destroyed much of the great architecture that Justinian himself had created. More than any other series of events before of since that time. Justinian was successful in driving out the Ostrogoths from Italy, and the Vandals from Africa. During the western wars Justinian bought peace with the Persians, weakened the empire, and oppressed his subjects (Justinian). Justinian tried to restore the empire to match the size that it was at the time of the Roman Empire. These immense military efforts did all but exhaust the empires treasury. He even had to pay Persia for peace just so that he could have a free hand in the west. However, even after Justinians immense efforts, after his death, most of Italy, Southern Spain, and Africa were once again recaptured, leaving only Justinians dream of restoring the empire to the glory it once knew. His dream had failed (The Empire at the time of Justinian). The westerners didnt want to return to some of the old Roman ways such as Roman taxation, Roman justice, and the imperial influences in their lives. The Easterners didnt want to waste money efending western conquests and were impoverished by the cost of these wars. During this time of war Justinian had to raise the taxes in order to pay for the war, and rebuild the burnt city as fire was set to the city in the Nika Revolt. There were great losses due to the wars. Italy laid in ruins and residents lived in poverty for centuries after this tragedy. Along with this, much of Romes great buildings could have survived if Justinian had left the Ostrogoths in Italy. Even though Justinians reconquests in the west were not permanent, his destruction or weakening of civilized Germanic ribes was. The only tribe untouched by Justinian was the Burgundians who had too few people to exercise any real power. Easterners didnt stop the new invaders in the west when Justinian died. The Persians recognized the weakness, and after Justinians death, they attacked the Byzantine Empire. After all this, the Eastern and Westerners wanted to restore the empire. Finally, in 632 AD, the Byzantines were victorious over the Persians but because both of the groups of people were so weak, it was easy for the Muslim armies to overthrow them (The Reign of Justinian) Justinian felt many of the laws of Byzantium were very confusing. many were out of date, some contradicting others, and not in one place did a complete collection of the laws exist. To solve this problem, Justinian assigned a commission to study the problem. Their work resulted in the publication of the Code of Justinian. .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postImageUrl , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:visited , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active { border:0!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pacific Lumber EssayThis code consisted of imperial decrees, legal opinions of judges and lawyers, and even a textbook for law students. The code allowed him to gain better control over his provincial governors to more effectively finance his military campaigns against Persia and other surrounding nations. Roman law formed the base of civil law. Still today many countries have bits and pieces of the code entwined in their law. It became a model for new laws and systems of laws. And many legal maxims still in use today have been derived from Justinians Code (Justinians Code). The Code was published on April 7, 529. Justinians Code is just as notable and publicly known as Hammarabis Code. Parts of Justinians Code resembles parts of Hammarabis Code (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Another over looked characteristic of Justinian was his religion. He was very religious. He strengthened Christianity at the expense of non-Christian ulture. Justinian abolished all pagan teachers and all schools of pagan philosophy. Justinian was undoubtedly the most famous of Byzantine emperors. Justice, the meaning and spelling are taken from Justinian. He was married to Theodora, who was a famous actress. The results of his decisions were critical in the development in western Europe. The Middle Ages would not have happened had it not been for Justinian. It was not necessarily his achievements but because of his failures that history turned out the way that it did. Justinian is known as the last great Roman Emperor (Justinian). Justinian thought of himself as the restorer of Roman power and prestige (The Empire at the time of Justinian). On the issue of architecture, Justinian restored many of the old, traditional Roman Churches. The most famous and noted of these is St. Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It was known as an architectural wonder of the middle ages. This is just one of the numerous churches that Justinian restored (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Justinian was a very fine architect. The public buildings and other structures were used as gifts, but also monuments that declared the greatness of a ruler. He was eager to have a permanent literary record of his building achievements. As previously mentioned, Justinian restored many of the Churches in his empire. He also rebuilt a hospital that was free of charges for the poor of the city. The reign of Justinian would have been incomplete if it had not brought with it some new monuments to the glory of the empire. He wanted to provide the people with the much needed public buildings. Justinian surpassed the work of Constantine, who up to that point, had been the greatest builder among the Christian emperors of the Empire. (The Empire at the time of Justinian) On the ubject of art and literature, Justinian supported each of these. He supported the Classical Greek Literature, and the arts. At first the Christians in the empire didnt accept the literature and education of the Classical Greek style. They (the Christians) failed to see a way in which the blasphemous literature could be brought into a relationship with the Christian teaching. But in time, and with a few actions of Justinian, the Christian thinkers began to realize that there was much that could be learned from the Classical Greek teachings. One action of Justinian was, in my opinion, a bit harsh. There were schools located throughout the empire, but one in particular, in Athens, the teachers would only teach the Classics in their Pagan views, as they still remained Pagans. Justinian gave them the opportunity to become Christian, and when they refused he shut down the school. Because of the favorable atmosphere of the capital city, a number of distinguished literary figures of Justinians time popped up. Their works were largely influenced by the great Greek philosopher such as Aristotle and Plato. It is said that if Justinian had sided with the Christians when dealing with the Classical Greek eachings, he would be cutting a major part of his heritage. .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postImageUrl , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:visited , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active { border:0!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Youth Violence And The Mass Media EssayThe people, most of which, were not prepared for such an action (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Even though his dream of restoration had failed, he didnt fail in all areas. many of the areas such as art, literature, architecture, and the famed Code of Justinian, are still around today. Parts of the code are found in laws of different countries. Justinians reign would prove to be beneficial not only to his empire, but to the world as we know it today. Justinian was a very important ruler who did much to influence history.