Edward Steichen’s Commercial Photography

Edward Steichen was a splendid and agile craftsman, prepared to do ceaselessly changing photography alongside the progressions set apart by advancement and progressivism during his time. Steichen’s tendencies that reformed photography and understood its motivation as a work of art made him a symbol that craftsmanship fans, just as hopeful picture takers and specialists should gaze upward to. Additionally, Steichen’s assurance to hang out in different fields of aesthetic foundations, for example, craftsmanship evaluating, to business photography, and from painting, to being a historical center caretaker, turned into a motivation to specialists and non-craftsmen the same to overcome different fields or enterprises that intrigues us, and commit ourselves to things that we love most. (Morrison, 2007) The rest of the content will examine explicit jobs and commitments that Steichen has made during the time that gave photography its uniqueness and importance. Steichen’s life has made a colossal impact on how he turned into an inventive power of nature to photography so the most huge pieces of his life will be related not exclusively to pay tribute to him yet additionally to represent how his reality converged with the resource of the field of photography. Edward Steichen’s Commercial Photography Edward Steichen was conceived on March 27, 1879 in Luxembourg. Be that as it may, the vast majority of life was spent in the United States as his family moved to the nation while he was as yet youthful. His enthusiasm for seeking after a profession in expressions and photography was obvious when he arrived at the age of sixteen. â€Å"Edward Steichen,† 2008) Steichen experienced preparing in lithography which permitted him to acquire important information and abilities in printing hued shapes and figures on plates that got instrumental in his pragmatic comprehension of photography and the aesthetic development of different pictures in shading through artistic creation. In spite of the fact that painting intrigued him as much as photography, he decided to strengthen his got information and abilities on the last as his method of paying attention to the field of photography †something that was trifled with already. His impression of genuine photography were filled by his determination in merging the aestheticness in the field, just as with corporate greed. (Morrison, 2007) His extraordinary and sincere take of photography drove him to meet and become accomplices with Alfred Steigletz. Together, they set up Photo Secession, which for the most part recreated the pictorialist style of photographic craftsmanship. This style was extraordinary in its structure as photos taken were made to look like results of painting masterfulness and ingenue. Since the opening of Photo Secession, Steichen has concentrated on rethinking photography. He needed to get something new to the imaginativeness scene so he made numerous photograph presentations that introduced different outside works, especially the prestigious works of French picture takers, for example, Henry Matisse. (Mitchell, 2008) He proceeded onward to examining and creating flying photography. His enthusiasm for this kind of photography was escalated by the scholarly chance of delivering pictures that are obvious, in center, and all around structured. Schueth) During this time, Steichen was tied in with portraying photography as something significant, huge, and in particular wonderful, rather than it being underestimated in the past simply like an insignificant device for relaxation interest and such. Steichen’s life after World War I was the most recognized piece of his masterful profession in business and design photography as it was during this time he was recruited as the main picture taker of Conde Nast which oversaw Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines. Hobson, 2001) Although Steichen’s move to be a piece of design and business photography was completely not quite the same as his past creative purposes of perspectives and points of what photography truly intended to him, he despite everything kept on tolerating undertakings and goes for promoting and style photography purposes. Notwithstanding the difference of Steiglitz in his picked vocation way (Hobson, 2001), Steichen considered the possibility of chipping away at business and design photography as a test and a way to extend the constraints of the field of photography. Through this experience, Steichen had the option to define new and different methods in photography which helped in understanding his motivation of permitting photography to be the vehicle for tasteful realism. (Zurich, 2008) Some of Steichen’s noteworthy works with business photography incorporates his past undertakings for Welch, Jergen’s, and Kodak. His excitement for important and direct photography was reflected in his business fills in as he used genuine circumstances as subjects for showing different items publicized by business associations. His photos for Eastman Kodak demonstrated how individuals were seen directly while using this specific item. As time went on, after an assortment of business photography meetings, Steichen had the option to understand the association among photography and publicizing. Now, Steichen prevailing with regards to drawing out the earth shattering nature of photography, as an implies that oozed style as well as it was identified with each person which affected their perspective and conduct. This perspective, he applied in the Welch Juice magazine photos drawing out the exquisite and upscale nature of the item. (Hobson, 2001) His procedure in using photography to engage changing degrees of social positions and perspectives earned him an ascent in Vogue magazine deals following its discharge. Maybe, his capacity to merge photography with various orders prompted his accomplishment in business photography. It was essentially credited to his scholarly resources that made photography an apparatus for understanding the reason for promoting and publicizing. Steichen saw the capability of photography to influence the psyches of the individuals into something wanted by him or business associations who produce different items to serve the market populace. His perspectives about publicizing in business photography were powered by the things and circumstances he encountered during World War I. During that time, he worked for the Photographic Section of the Army Air Service in France and he was prepared to replicate duplicates of photos that addressed distinguished issues and prerequisites to keep up support among the individuals and ventures to the military. The aggressive viewpoint in using photos was adjusted by Steichen in his works, and permitted him to take a gander at express and helpful edges of items or subjects that would pick up the certainty and consideration of its watchers. (Johnson, 2000) Contributing to his achievements in business photography was his constructive nature and attributes that drew individuals toward him and picked up trust for his masterful capacities. He was available to working with others in the business, teaming up with different craftsmanship chiefs and customers to get bits of knowledge and offer information and data that improved his specialty. Besides, he examined the patterns in promoting and took a shot at changing his photographic styles to current procedures and methods in advertising. Through his exploration, he had the option to build up his best strategy in business photography that is authenticity. He understood the significance of passionate reactions as a way to build up association with his crowd or watchers. His capacity to take bits of his viewers’ real factors and change it into important messages inside his photos while joining the elements of showcasing and publicizing subliminally earned him the trust of business associations and advertising ventures. He veered away from the unfriendly and awkward elements of forceful and direct promoting and changed this specific advertising methodology to adjust logic, authenticity, and delicate influence. (Johnson, 2002) Overall, his methodology in business photography affected the field of photography as well as changed business and showcasing as isolated ventures. For one, he had the option to make his subjects easily recognized names, addressing the necessities, prerequisites, and requests of business associations and advertising ventures. He fulfilled the crowd, watchers, or shoppers, yet in addition the partnerships behind his photographic subjects. His perspectives on authenticity as a significant power in photography and showcasing permitted to turn into a piece of business methodologies being actualized in the past as well as until present time. In any case, it was not just his profession in business photography that decided his fruitful vocation. It was additionally his rich and present day chips away at style spreads that uncovered his range, from pictorialist to flying, and business to design photography. Steichen’s photographic commitments to form were named as his big name tasteful way to deal with photography. (Riding, 2007) He shot different stars and VIPs for Vanity Fair and Vogue covers in style, as he planned to consummate their open figures by taking pictures of them illustrative of their excellence, effortlessness, and charming persona. For Steichen’s style shoots, each point and each shot was tied in with catching the embodiment of excellence and force. (Richard, 2008) His feeling of design photography might be summarized in two words †polish and innovation †notwithstanding the work of art and customary impacts. Picardie, 2008) Conclusion Steichen’s brightness as a craftsman was energized by his capacity to change the substance of photography by joining different procedures and approaches which re-imagined and added to what photography can do beside its undeniable commonsense motivation behind imitating pictures for recreation purposes. Moreove r, Steichen had the option to take the work of art and traditional highlights of photography and grow new methods that permit it to change with the requests and prerequisites of present day and liberal time

Why did the Continental Congress select George Washington of Virginia Research Paper

For what reason did the Continental Congress select George Washington of Virginia to order its military Assess Washingtons administration as officer of the Continental powers - Research Paper Example He was assigned as the General and Commander in Chief of the United Colonies (Schwartz 20). It is evident that few variables more likely than not affected the Continental congress choice in choosing George Washington to be the Commander of the mainland powers. He was a Southerner and agents accepted he was the best man who could join all the settlements (Martin 25). George Washington was additionally well off; consequently the representatives of the Continental congress accepted that Washington couldn't be impacted by defilement in his obligations. George Washington was additionally valiant and intrepid and a decided able pioneer. He was going to head a military which was under regular citizen rule of the new congress. Washington saw completely the entirety of his capacities as a military heads since he pick systems, activities and strategies which prompted triumph (Martin 32). In March 1776, he did his first strategic assault by possessing the Dorchester Heights subsequent to planting mounted guns which cut down Fort Ticonderoga. This move constrained British to clear from Boston. Washington fearlessness made him cross to Delaware on a cold and turbulent night where he assaulted Hessian battalion of Trenton, New Jersey and caught in excess of 900 detainees. Strategically he kept away from British powers traps from an enormous power which was conveyed in Trenton. His prosperity and withdrawal to Princeton constrained the British powers to eastern New Jersey. He kept accomplishing triumphs by acing his front line methodologies. He held the military together and kept away from any dissatisfaction among his Continental powers (Schwartz 28). He went up against General Howe’s powers in Philadelphia however was vanquished yet didn't surrender thus he chose to migrate to York. His strategic abilities caused him to choose to send his all around prepared powers toward the North so as to counter any danger of attack from Canada by British power which was under General Burgoyne. He forestalled the endeavors of General Howe to save General

Jon and me

Jon and me Last night, Jon Stewart announced his plans to leave  The Daily Show, which he has hosted since 1999. The news shocked his studio audience and his far-flung fans. Maybe that was the case for you. It definitely was the case for me. I was 12 when Jon Stewart began hosting TDS, but the first episode I really remember watching was the night of September 11th, 2001. I was a freshman at a new school in a new town in a new state; in fact, I was still living in an extended stay hotel with my family because we hadnt yet been able to move into our new home. My world, which throughout my (privileged) childhood had seemed like a stable and comprehensible place, had suddenly exploded into almost unintelligible complexity both locally and globally. On that night, and many that followed it, Jon Stewart was one of the people who helped me pick up the pieces and start to make sense of them again. I watched TDS nearly every night in high school, alone, with my brothers, or with my best friend Shane. It was the only television show for which I consistently made the time. It was a source of news, humor, and moments of zen, but even more fundamentally, it shaped the way I came to see the world. I expect that most people reading this have seen at least an episode of TDS and are familiar with its basic approach under Stewart: juxtaposing clips to expose hypocrisy and conjure humor, cluelessly confident/confidently clueless correspondents, and interviews that ranged from the inane to the interrogative (often in the same segment). Whats harder to express or explain is the impact that watching The Daily Show, well, daily, had on me: the skeptical, sarcastic drive to call out BS, animated by an earnest belief that there is a truth out there that is worth searching for, even if you can never quite apprehend it. More than a decade (and a graduate degree in media studies from MIT) later I now have concepts that help me understand and critique Stewarts approach at an intellectual/theoretical level (the rhetorical mode of the ethical appeal; the problematic ideal of moderation for its own sake), but I only encountered these concepts in the academic context long after  they had already been baked deeply into the way I saw and interacted with the world. Under the influence of TDS I  became a news and politics junkie, taking as many civics courses as I could during the day and mainlining political forums  every night. I cofounded the school newspaper (with my friend and fellow alum  Dara) in part so I could editorialize on current events. When, during my senior year, the faculty gave me the award for excellence in social studies and my classmates voted me class clown, I really felt like I was developing a sense of myself. That fall, I applied to a bunch of SLACs and state colleges in New Englandand also to the College of William and Mary, in Williamsburg, Virginia, in large part because Id read Stewarts commencement address; when I got in (off the waitlist), I enrolled, in large part because Stewart had attended. It turns out that this is in fact a terrible way to pick a college, and I soon transferred. At UMass, I rigged up a projector in my dorm room and watched TDS while practicing guitar, and got a job for a website aggregating w eird news and writing jokes about it. When I came here, and had to learn to tell the story of MIT in information sessions, I hoped I could eventually make it funny. It wasnt until Dave told me that my delivery sometimes reminded him of TDS that I realized how profoundly my sense of whats is funny had been shaped by the show. I never have been, and never will be, as funny as Jon Stewart or any of his talented team, but when (occasionally, accidentally) I am funny, it is often because Ive seen something the way he (and they)  taught me to see it. When I do the best I can, reading applications and in committee, to cut through BS and try to figure out what the right thing to do is, however naive and unreachable that hope might be, its in part because he did that to more powerful figures before a more public audience.  And when (like now) Im painfully, awkwardly earnest in blog posts, searching for a truth we can never reach but thats still worth seeking, I know that his voice in some way inflected what has become my own. I titled this post Jon and me. This is not really accurate: there is no Jon and me. Jon Stewart has no idea who I am and no reason to care. There is, however, a Jon, and me. Because even though I havent often watched TDS  over the last few years (because: applications), and even though I can more clearly see when and where the show succeeds and fails, his humor, insight, and moral clarity shaped me as much as almost anyone outside my immediate family. Generally speaking, we dont pick our role models: our role models happen to us. All things considered, I could have had a lot worse happen to me. And now, for your moment of zen, a (young) Jon Stewart introducing himself back in 1999. A moment for us is gone, but from change comes growth. Thanks for everything, Jon. Heres to whatever you do next. The Daily Show Get More: Daily Show Full Episodes,The Daily Show on Facebook,Daily Show Video Archive

The Gothic Villain Essay - 942 Words

The Gothic Villain Who is the Gothic Villain? Is he a villain/hero? Is he a dangerous lover? The villain is usually dark and handsome, though he might have some tell-tell sign that warns he is wicked. The villains ranged from dark priests to mysterious bandits. Some start out as heroes but turn into villains. The Gothic villain has several identifying characteristics. They are shifty, cunning and can mold their behavior to match the need of the circumstance. Villains will utilize intimidation, deception, and even flattery to attain their objective. So, who is the villain-hero? This villain may start out at the beginning of the story as a hero, or he may possess heroic characteristics, such as charisma, or he may have a†¦show more content†¦By undermining typical principles of the Gothic hero (William Harding), Faber tricks his arbitrators into feeling sympathy for him, a deception that makes him much more calculating and undermining than conventional Gothic villains† (Jett). Poe is greatly inspired by Simmss Martin Faber, so much so that this villain is the basis for ‘William Wilson.’ â€Å"Many similarities exist between the two. Both Simmss Faber and Poes Wilson self-condemn their sinister deeds and must confront their conscious minds, represented by Gothic double figures† (Jett). These ‘doppelgangers’ are the villains conscious. For instance, Martin’s doppelganger is his friend William Harding. William is responsible for â€Å"bringing Martin to justice for the murder of Emily Andrews† (Jett). Wilsons doppelganger is a schoolmate who has his same name and challenges him whenever he gives into his evil side. Their selfish needs motivate Faber and Wilson. â€Å"However, the major difference between the two centers on Wilsons inability to express guilt over his sins and Fabers perpetual need to confess his. Consequently, Poe failed to establish a dynamic Gothic villain in William Wilson—one capa ble of demonstrating feigned remorse in multidimensional facets Wilson commits only trivial crimes, hardly comparable to Fabers crime of murder† (Jett). Many of Poes villains take on the characteristics of the self-indulgentShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Develoment of the Horror Genre1076 Words   |  5 Pages The term Gothic is significant for the understanding of the origins and development of the horror genre. Both of these genres differ, whilst Gothic literature is the text that explores the frightening extremes in mankind, horror focuses more on the unknown. The Gothic horror genre has changed over time and retains importance because it is the antecedent of the horror genre. 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The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1345 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There was a time when transport, telecommunications, postal services and energy were not open to competition. This resulted into the inefficiencies causing inferior and uneconomical services to the common masses. The objective of EU commission was to liberalize these sectors and let the competitive forces decide the quality of services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This helps consumers to have improved services at economical prices. More active players in a given sector bring novelty in the services developing more choices for the consumers. This helps become economy more competitive and consumer friendly. The glaring example is the low-cost airlines being operated in Europe after European Commission opened up the airline industry to competition. Not only services in airlines business are more economical but services have also improved manifold. Another example can be given in the telecommunication sector where EU opened up the sector in January, 1998. This has resulted into the savings of 13% and 23% in their bills on fixed telephones for residential and business users of Europe respectively between 1998 and 2003. These savings were more remarkable for international calls were average cost to OECD countries came down by 41% for all residential users. Thus, it is amply clear that EU commission has been instrumental in providing economical solut ion to the consumers with much improved services. Merging of large companies in the market place could create a monopoly for them pushing the prices of their products and jeopardizing the interests of consumers. The EU commission keeps a check on this and safeguards the interests of users so that large companies cannot take undue advantage of their large controlling market share in the business. Elf Aquitaine and TotalFina were the major players in the French petroleum market and their merger would have created a monopoly kind of situation controlling almost 60 percent of the service stations on French motorways. The merged entity would have become the largest supplier of liquid petroleum gas (LPG). This would have certainly pushed up the prices to harm the consumers. As a solution, Elf/TotalFina proposed to sell 70 service stations to competitors. On this consideration, EU commission allowed the conditional merger ensuring that consumers continue to get products at fair price. T he EU has the right to investigate the mergers with a sole aim of community protection at large. The case of merger of pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Pharmacia is worth enumerating, when commission noted that this may have an adverse impact on competition and consumers may not have sufficient choice on certain drugs. As a solution, merger companies proposed transferring some of the drugs to competitors that was agreed by EU commission protecting the interests of drug users. Similar was the case of merger of Sanofi and Synthà ©labo when two pharmaceutical companies sold off some of the products such as antibiotics, sedatives and vitamin drugs to competitors to take a clearance from EU commission for proposed merger between them. Thus, EU commission investigates all the large mergers, which may have adverse effect on the consumers. The EU commission thus, operates as a strict watch dog on the large companies trying to acquire business or proposing mergers. A free market is a necessity for fair play but sometimes it happens that in a free market companies in the similar business form a cartel and try to avoid competition. The antitrust laws enacted by EU commission come into force to protect the consumer interests when companies try to restrict the competition. In a cartel, two or more companies come together and divide the markets between them keeping prices artificially high. That is how they try to avoid the competition among themselves thus consumers are made to suffer paying high prices providing inferior services. This is the reason cartels are called illegal under EU law and commission may impose heavy fines on companies creating cartel. Due to these reasons, they are kept as a closely guarded secret and it is hard to find evidence to it. Then how does the commission control cartel? The commission has adopted a leniency policy for the company who passes on information on cartel formation to commission and the company will be saved from paying any fines on forming a cartel. This policy in fact prevents companies to indulge into practices of forming any cartelization. The example of such cartelization and subsequent fines was found in 2001 when EU commission fined eight companies for participation in cartels which were mainly to eliminate competition in vitamin sector. The fines charged were more than EUR 800 million. Another example is found in video games when Japanese company Nintendo colluded with seven of its distributors in Europe to maintain high prices across EU. The commission charged the fine of EUR 168 million on Nintendo and its distributors.   Other than cartelization, sometimes large company tries to squeeze small companies out of the market. Dominant companies are those who have large share of the market and they have economic strength to act ignoring consumers and competitors. Abusing dominant position is considered illegal for the companies. Such abuses mainly consist of charging high prices to consumers charging such a low price to drive the competition out of the market making it almost impossible for competitor to enter the market employing discriminating behavior such as refusing to deal with certain customers or giving discounts to those who buy their complete product range or all supplies from them enforcing unusual conditions such as linking sale of one product with another. The commission fined Microsoft EUR 497 million for abusing its dominant position in the market for operating system of its personal computers business between 1998 and 2004. Microsoft controlled 95% market in the business of its windows operating system and it made the purchase of windows operating system conditional with the purchase of Windows media player. Thus, Microsoft made all PCs loaded with Windows media players and forcing all application developers and content providers to switch to Windows media players for its application. Consumers get fair price and quality services when companies operate on equal basis in a free market. At times, States provide aid to national industries using public resources. A company receiving government support and aid has undue advantage over competitors, which goes against the basic principle of free competition among the companies. The state aid de-motivates other companies to operate in the market to improve services and bringing novelty in the products as it will never have fair preposition in its product/services pricing. The EC Treaty prohibits any State aid unless it is necessary and for the purpose of general economic development. In 1990s, Dutch government granted aid to SCI Systems to establish a factory to assemble PCs of Hewlett-Packard. This was against the basic principle of providing equal level ground for all and such measures would end up in promoting regional areas and in the process richer states will constantly outbid the poorer ones. SCI returned the state aid amounting to EUR 1.7 million to Dutch government. The objective of the commission is to be seen in the larger context of consumer benefits promoting even ground for all to achieve efficiency in the operations. The sole aim of discouraging State aid is not to distort competition in the market place because consumer will be benefitted by free market and not through State aid as it is never a long term solution for the improved product quality or efficient services. International cooperation on competition policy becomes essential due to globalization and increasing number of cartels and acquisitions take place outside EU. It is obvious that such activities that take place at international level likely to create impact among the EU member countries. As cartel within the union harms consumers, in the same way cartels outside EU also affect the consumers within the union. Commission also examines such cartels that take place outside EU. The EU commission remains in constant touch with other competition commission and work in coordination with them. It functions with the underlying principle that the more close-knit cooperation prevails among the international competition authorities; more are the chance for consumers to have best deal in quality and prices by taking uniform action against companies forming cartels.

Jason and the Argonauts Free Essays

string(154) " people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town\." JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS The Early Years Jason was the son of the lawful king of Iolcus, but his uncle Pelias had usurped the throne. Pelias lived in constant fear of losing what he had taken so unjustly. He kept Jason’s father a prisoner and would certainly have murdered Jason at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Jason and the Argonauts or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Jason’s mother deceived Pelias by mourning as if Jason had died. Meanwhile the infant was bundled off to the wilderness cave of Chiron the Centaur. Chiron tutored Jason in the lore of plants, the hunt and the civilized arts. When he had come of age, Jason set out like a proper hero to claim his rightful throne. The First Test Unknowingly, Jason was to play his part in a plan hatched on lofty Mount Olympus. Hera, wife of almighty Zeus himself, nursed a rage against King Pelias. For Jason’s uncle, the usurper king, had honored all the gods but Hera. Rashly had he begrudged the Queen of Heaven her due. Hera’s plan was fraught with danger; it would require a true hero. To test Jason’s mettle, she contrived it that he came to a raging torrent on his way to Iolcus. And on the bank was a withered old woman. Would Jason go about his business impatiently, or would he give way to her request to be ferried across the stream? The Oracle’s Warning Jason did not think twice. Taking the crone on his back, he set off into the current. And halfway across he began to stagger under her unexpected weight. For the old woman was none other than Hera in disguise. Some say that she revealed herself to Jason on the far shore; others claim that he never learned of the divine service he’d performed. Jason had lost a sandal in the swift-moving stream, and this would prove significant. For an oracle had warned King Pelias, â€Å"Beware a stranger who wears but a single sandal. † When Jason arrived in Iolcus, he asserted his claim to the throne. But his uncle Pelias had no intention of giving it up, particularly to a one-shoed stranger. The Challenge Under the guise of hospitality, he invited Jason to a banquet. And during the course of the meal, he engaged him in conversation. â€Å"You say you’ve got what it takes to rule a kingdom,† said Pelias. â€Å"May I take it that you’re fit to deal with any thorny problems that arise? For example, how would you go about getting rid of someone who was giving you difficulties? † Jason considered for a moment, eager to show a kingly knack for problem solving. â€Å"Send him after the Golden Fleece? † he suggested. â€Å"Not a bad idea,† responded Pelias. â€Å"It’s just the sort of quest that any hero worth his salt would leap at. Why, if he succeeded he’d be remembered down through the ages. Tell you what, why don’t you go? † The Argonauts And so it came to pass that word went out the length and breadth of Greece that Jason was looking for shipmates to embark upon a perilous but glamorous adventure. And in spite of the miniscule chances of anyone surviving to lay eyes upon the Fleece let alone get past the guarding dragon and return with the prize, large numbers of heroes were ready to run the risk. These were known as the Argonauts, after their ship, the Argo. Among them were Hercules (or Heracles, to give him his proper Greek name) and the heroine Atalanta. Jason had the vessel constructed by the worthy shipwright Argus, who in a fit of vanity named her more or less after himself. The Adventure Begins Argus had divine sponsorship in his task, Hera having enlisted the aid of her fellow goddess Athena. This patroness of crafts secured a prow for the vessel from timber hewn at the sacred grove of Zeus at Dodona. This prow had the magical property of speaking – and prophesying – in a human voice. And so one bright autumn morning the Argo set out to sea, her benches crewed by lusty ranks of heroic rowers. And true to Pelias’s fondest aspirations, it wasn’t long before big troubles assailed the company. After stopping for better than a fortnight on an island populated exclusively by women, they put in at Salmydessus. The Harpies The king welcomed them but was in no mood for festive entertainment. Because he’d offended the gods, he’d been set upon by woman-headed, bird-bodied, razor-clawed scourges known as Harpies. These Harpies were possessed of reprehensible table manners. Every evening at dinnertime, they dropped by to defecate upon the king’s repast and hung around making such a racket that he wouldn’t have been able to eat had he the stomach for it. As a result, King Phineus grew thinner by the hour. Fortunately two of Jason’s crew were direct descendants of the North Wind, which gave them the power to fly. And they kindly chased the Harpies so far away that the king was never bothered again. The Clashing Rocks In thanks, Phineus informed the Argonauts of a danger just ahead on the route to the Golden Fleece – two rocks called the Symplegades, which crashed together upon any ship passing between them. The king even suggested a mechanism by which one might avoid the effects of these Clashing Rocks. If a bird could be induced to pass between the crags first, causing them to clash together, the Argo could follow quickly behind, passing through safely before they were ready to snap shut again. By means of this device, Jason caused the rocks to spring together prematurely, nipping only the tail feathers of the bird. The Argo was able to pass between them relatively unscathed. Only her very stern was splintered. The Flying Ram Once arrived in Colchis, Jason had to face a series of challenges meted out by King Aeetes, ruler of this barbarian kingdom on the far edge of the heroic world. He and his people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town. You read "Jason and the Argonauts" in category "Essay examples" This may have been due to the newcomer’s unorthodox mode of transportation. For he arrived on the back of a golden-fleeced flying ram. The stranger’s name was Phrixus, and he had been on the point of being sacrificed when the ram carried him off. Having arrived safely in Colchis, he sacrificed the ram to the gods and hung its fleece in a grove. Aeetes gave him the hand of one of his daughters in marriage. Medea King Aeetes had taken a disliking to Jason on sight. He had no particular fondness for handsome young strangers who came traipsing into his kingdom on glorious quests featuring the trampling of his sacred grove and the carrying off of his personal property. For King Aeetes considered the Golden Fleece to be his own, and he was in the midst of telling Jason just what he could do with his precious quest when he was reminded of the obligations of hospitality by another of his daughters named Medea. Medea was motivated by more than good manners. For Hera had been looking out for Jason’s interests, and she had succeeded in persuading her fellow goddess Aphrodite to intervene on Jason’s behalf. A Farmyard Chore It was no problem at all for the Goddess of Love to arrange that Medea be stricken with passion for Jason the moment she first saw him. And it was a good thing for Jason that this was so. For not only was he spared a kingly tongue-lashing and a quick trip to the frontier, but Medea quietly offered to help him in his latest predicament. For once her father had calmed down, he had waxed suspiciously reasonable. Of course Jason could have the Fleece and anything else he required in furtherance of his quest – Aeetes couldn’t imagine what had possessed him to be so uncooperative. All he required of Jason as a simple token of good faith was the merest of farmyard chores. The Fire-Breathing Bulls There were two bulls standing in the adjacent pasture. If Jason would be so kind as to harness them, plow the field, sow it and reap the harvest in a single day, King Aeetes would be much obliged – and only too happy to turn over the Golden Fleece. Oh, and there was one trifling detail of which Jason should be aware. These bulls were a bit unusual in that their feet were made of brass sharp enough to rip open a man from gullet to gizzard. And then of course there was the matter of their bad breath. In point of fact, they breathed flames. Along about this juncture Jason thought he heard his mommy, Queen Polymede, calling. But then, as noted, Medea took him gently aside and suggested that she might be of aid. Plowing and Sowing Quite conveniently for Jason, Medea was a famous sorceress, magic potions being her stock in trade. She slipped Jason a salve which, when smeared on his body, made him proof against fire and brazen hooves. And so it was that Jason boldly approached the bulls and brooked no bullish insolence. Disregarding the flames that played merrily about his shoulders and steering clear of the hooves, he forced the creatures into harness and set about plowing the field. Nor was the subsequent sowing any great chore for the now-heartened hero. Gaily strewing seed about like a nymph flinging flowers in springtime, he did not stop to note the unusual nature of the seed. The Dragon’s Teeth Aeetes, it turns out, had got his hands on some dragon’s teeth with unique agricultural properties. As soon as these hit the soil they began to sprout, which was good from the point of view of Jason accomplishing his task by nightfall, but bad in terms of the harvest. For each seed germinated into a fully-armed warrior, who popped up from the ground and joined the throng now menacing poor Jason. Aeetes, meanwhile, was standing off to the side of the field chuckling quietly to himself. It irked the king somewhat to see his daughter slink across the furrows to Jason’s side, but he didn’t think too much of it at the time. Having proven herself polite to a fault, maybe Medea was just saying a brief and proper farewell. Conquest of the Seed Men In actuality, she was once more engaged in saving the young hero’s posterior. This time there was no traffic in magic embrocations. Medea merely gave Jason a tip in basic psychology. Jason, who it was quite clear by now lacked the heroic wherewithal to make the grade on his own, at least had the sense to recognize good advice. Employing the simple device suggested by Medea, he brought the harvest in on deadline with a minimum of personal effort. He simply threw a stone at one of the men. The man, in turn, thought his neighbor had done it. And in short order all the seed men had turned on one another with their swords until not one was left standing. The Golden Fleece Aeetes had no choice but to make as though he’d give the Fleece to Jason, but he still had no intention of doing so. He now committed the tactical error of divulging this fact to his daughter. And Medea, still entranced by the Goddess of Love, confided in turn in Jason. Furthermore, she offered to lead him under cover of darkness to the temple grove where the Fleece was displayed, nailed to a tree and guarded by a dragon. And so at midnight they crept into the sacred precinct of Ares, god of war. Jason, ever the hothead, whipped out his sword, but Medea wisely restrained his impetuosity. The Aftermath Instead, she used a sleeping potion to subvert the monster’s vigilance. Together they made off with the Fleece and escaped to the Argo. Setting sail at once, they eluded pursuit. Thus Jason succeeded in his heroic challenge. And once returned to Greece, he abandoned Medea for another princess. For though Jason had sworn to love and honor Medea for the service she had done him, he proved as fickle in this regard as he’d been unfit for single-handed questing How to cite Jason and the Argonauts, Essay examples

Justinian I Essay Example For Students

Justinian I Essay Justinian I Justinian had a very significant role in world history. There are many things that are overlooked when speaking of Justinian. For instance, Justinian was a great architect. Many times we overlook the little characteristics of Justinian and we focus on the code of Justinian. Justinian was born a barbarian, probably born of Slavic parents in Illyia. We know nothing of his early years except that his uncle adopted him. His uncle was Justin I, the emperor of Constantinople. Then in 527 A. D. , Justin made Justinian a co-ruler. Four months later, when Justin died, Justinian became the sole emperor. This was the beginning of Justinians famous rule, which lasted from 527 A. D. through 565 A. D. (The Reign of Justinian). The reign of Justinian was significant in many ways. First of all, it marked the final end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europes unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinians rule saw a flourishment in the areas of architecture, the arts, and literature. It was a time of re-building for the mpire. Justinian pursued an ambitious dream of restoring the old Roman Empire. In fact, Justinian led the Byzantine army in many wars to regain this land. These wars destroyed much of the great architecture that Justinian himself had created. More than any other series of events before of since that time. Justinian was successful in driving out the Ostrogoths from Italy, and the Vandals from Africa. During the western wars Justinian bought peace with the Persians, weakened the empire, and oppressed his subjects (Justinian). Justinian tried to restore the empire to match the size that it was at the time of the Roman Empire. These immense military efforts did all but exhaust the empires treasury. He even had to pay Persia for peace just so that he could have a free hand in the west. However, even after Justinians immense efforts, after his death, most of Italy, Southern Spain, and Africa were once again recaptured, leaving only Justinians dream of restoring the empire to the glory it once knew. His dream had failed (The Empire at the time of Justinian). The westerners didnt want to return to some of the old Roman ways such as Roman taxation, Roman justice, and the imperial influences in their lives. The Easterners didnt want to waste money efending western conquests and were impoverished by the cost of these wars. During this time of war Justinian had to raise the taxes in order to pay for the war, and rebuild the burnt city as fire was set to the city in the Nika Revolt. There were great losses due to the wars. Italy laid in ruins and residents lived in poverty for centuries after this tragedy. Along with this, much of Romes great buildings could have survived if Justinian had left the Ostrogoths in Italy. Even though Justinians reconquests in the west were not permanent, his destruction or weakening of civilized Germanic ribes was. The only tribe untouched by Justinian was the Burgundians who had too few people to exercise any real power. Easterners didnt stop the new invaders in the west when Justinian died. The Persians recognized the weakness, and after Justinians death, they attacked the Byzantine Empire. After all this, the Eastern and Westerners wanted to restore the empire. Finally, in 632 AD, the Byzantines were victorious over the Persians but because both of the groups of people were so weak, it was easy for the Muslim armies to overthrow them (The Reign of Justinian) Justinian felt many of the laws of Byzantium were very confusing. many were out of date, some contradicting others, and not in one place did a complete collection of the laws exist. To solve this problem, Justinian assigned a commission to study the problem. Their work resulted in the publication of the Code of Justinian. .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postImageUrl , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:visited , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active { border:0!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pacific Lumber EssayThis code consisted of imperial decrees, legal opinions of judges and lawyers, and even a textbook for law students. The code allowed him to gain better control over his provincial governors to more effectively finance his military campaigns against Persia and other surrounding nations. Roman law formed the base of civil law. Still today many countries have bits and pieces of the code entwined in their law. It became a model for new laws and systems of laws. And many legal maxims still in use today have been derived from Justinians Code (Justinians Code). The Code was published on April 7, 529. Justinians Code is just as notable and publicly known as Hammarabis Code. Parts of Justinians Code resembles parts of Hammarabis Code (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Another over looked characteristic of Justinian was his religion. He was very religious. He strengthened Christianity at the expense of non-Christian ulture. Justinian abolished all pagan teachers and all schools of pagan philosophy. Justinian was undoubtedly the most famous of Byzantine emperors. Justice, the meaning and spelling are taken from Justinian. He was married to Theodora, who was a famous actress. The results of his decisions were critical in the development in western Europe. The Middle Ages would not have happened had it not been for Justinian. It was not necessarily his achievements but because of his failures that history turned out the way that it did. Justinian is known as the last great Roman Emperor (Justinian). Justinian thought of himself as the restorer of Roman power and prestige (The Empire at the time of Justinian). On the issue of architecture, Justinian restored many of the old, traditional Roman Churches. The most famous and noted of these is St. Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It was known as an architectural wonder of the middle ages. This is just one of the numerous churches that Justinian restored (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Justinian was a very fine architect. The public buildings and other structures were used as gifts, but also monuments that declared the greatness of a ruler. He was eager to have a permanent literary record of his building achievements. As previously mentioned, Justinian restored many of the Churches in his empire. He also rebuilt a hospital that was free of charges for the poor of the city. The reign of Justinian would have been incomplete if it had not brought with it some new monuments to the glory of the empire. He wanted to provide the people with the much needed public buildings. Justinian surpassed the work of Constantine, who up to that point, had been the greatest builder among the Christian emperors of the Empire. (The Empire at the time of Justinian) On the ubject of art and literature, Justinian supported each of these. He supported the Classical Greek Literature, and the arts. At first the Christians in the empire didnt accept the literature and education of the Classical Greek style. They (the Christians) failed to see a way in which the blasphemous literature could be brought into a relationship with the Christian teaching. But in time, and with a few actions of Justinian, the Christian thinkers began to realize that there was much that could be learned from the Classical Greek teachings. One action of Justinian was, in my opinion, a bit harsh. There were schools located throughout the empire, but one in particular, in Athens, the teachers would only teach the Classics in their Pagan views, as they still remained Pagans. Justinian gave them the opportunity to become Christian, and when they refused he shut down the school. Because of the favorable atmosphere of the capital city, a number of distinguished literary figures of Justinians time popped up. Their works were largely influenced by the great Greek philosopher such as Aristotle and Plato. It is said that if Justinian had sided with the Christians when dealing with the Classical Greek eachings, he would be cutting a major part of his heritage. .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postImageUrl , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:visited , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active { border:0!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Youth Violence And The Mass Media EssayThe people, most of which, were not prepared for such an action (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Even though his dream of restoration had failed, he didnt fail in all areas. many of the areas such as art, literature, architecture, and the famed Code of Justinian, are still around today. Parts of the code are found in laws of different countries. Justinians reign would prove to be beneficial not only to his empire, but to the world as we know it today. Justinian was a very important ruler who did much to influence history.

James Joyce Araby; practice quiz Essay Example

James Joyce: Araby; practice quiz Paper Which type of irony is represented by the boys disillusionment at the bazaar? Ironic contrast between romance and reality Which statement best summarizes the story? Dreams often end in disillusionment. For the boy in the story, his epiphany brings him — the knowledge that his desires have been vain and foolish In this story the word Araby refers primarily to a — fair or bazaar The story is narrated by — the main character later in his life What does the boy in Araby feel when he hears his uncle talking to himself? anxiety Which detail in this passage from Araby is the strongest indicator of the boys inner feelings? I found myself in a big hall girdled at half its height by a gallery. Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness. the halls darkness The boys experience at the stall of the young lady adds to the story because the incident — characterizes the bazaar as drab, seedy, and ordinary In literature, the term epiphany refers to __________. a moment of sudden insight After the narrator speaks to Mangans sister about the bazaar, he tells her that if he goes to Araby, he will bring a gift for her. How does the narrators behavior at home and in school show how this decision has affected him? Cite one or two examples from Araby to support your response. Sample answer: The narrator is distracted by his promise to the girl. He cannot concentrate on his schoolwork and is restless at home. The story takes place — in Dublin, Ireland about a hundred years ago At the end of Araby, the boy experiences anger and sadness because his epiphany reveals that he will never be able to satisfy his desires

Solar Heating †Converted Energy From the Sun

Solar Heating – Converted Energy From the Sun Free Online Research Papers Solar Heating Converted Energy From the Sun Solar heating is energy from the sun that is converted into either thermal energy or electricity. It is a renewable resource that is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is available just about everywhere on earth. This type of energy is free, and cannot be raised in price. Solar energy is also one of the major sources of the world’s power. It is used to provide lighting, mechanical power, and electricity in cities all around the world. Energy from the sun in the form of heat can be utilized either passively or actively to replace traditional energy sources in commercial and residential buildings and homes. This type of energy can also be used to keep a person warm and may also assist in the warming up of food. Passive solar energy is one form of solar energy. This kind of energy represents an important strategy for replacing traditional energy sources in buildings. Anyone who has sat by a sunny window on a cold winter day has felt the effects of passive solar energy. All passive techniques use walls, windows, floors and roofs, in addition to exterior building elements and landscaping, to control the heat generated by solar radiation. The term passive means that no extra mechanical equipment is used, other than the normal building elements. Passive solar heating of buildings happens when sunlight passes through a window, hits something, is absorbed by that object and is converted to heat. Once the heat has entered the building, many different methods are used to keep and scatter it. A well-insulated and airtight building helps prevent heat loss and allows solar heat to provide more of the heating needed. Approximately 25 percent of a buildings heating requirement can be gained with passive solar techniques. Active heating of buildings is one of the major uses of the suns energy. In some cases, the cost is almost as high as that of non-renewable energy sources. One way of actively heating a building is by using solar energy to heat water in solar collectors, then transferring the heat to the rest of the house by liquid or air. Another way to actively heat a building is to heat air and send the heated air throughout the rest of the building. In addition to those methods, a building can be heated by using the solar energy found in the environment in the form of heat through heat pumps. The amount of heat that these techniques can generate is dependent on the strength of the sun’s rays. Solar energy can be used to warm up food in numerous ways. The Solar Oven is one way to cook food using solar energy. This product’s energy source is the sun, which is absolutely free. It also provides food without the taste of smoke or gas and does not need to be preheated with charcoal or wood. Solar energy can also be used to keep people and animals warm. Radiant Space Heating is a strategy that conserves a lot of energy and brings warmth to many areas in a house or building. Radiant heating works basically with different kinds of forced air. It controls the heat loss from a person’s body. Heat leaves the body in three ways, through breathing, airflow, and radiation. However, half of all the bodys heat loss occurs through radiation. Therefore, if the air surrounding a person is heated using solar energy then the amount of heat loss through radiation is reduced and the person stays warm longer. Solar energy in the form of heat is the least polluting of all known energy sources. Today, we are just beginning to discover its ultimate potential. While solar energy has been available to mankind since prehistoric times, it has not been as effectively used as other sources of energy. The challenge that today’s society faces is creating a system that provides a reliable energy supply using solar heat. Definitions Solar collectors- any of various devices for the absorption of solar radiation for the heating of water or buildings or the production of electricity. Solar energy- energy obtained from radiation emitted by the Sun. Passive solar heating system- relies on natural methods of collecting and distributing heat from the sun. Active solar heating system- collects heat from the sun and circulates it through a hot water or heating system. Radiant heating- A system to heat and cool buildings that relies primarily on radiation heat transfer. Typically, heated or chilled water is circulated though floor or ceiling panels to condition the space. Non-renewable resource- an energy resource that is not replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural processes. Primary examples of non-renewable energy resources are the fossil fuels: oil, natural gas, and coal. â€Å"Glossary of Solar Heating†. Graylab 1995. 17 November 2001. . McLaughlin, Charles W., Thompson, Marilyn. Physical Science. New York City: McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc., 1999. 163- 165. â€Å"Solar Heating†. ACRE 1997. 12 November 2001. . â€Å"Solar Heating and You†. Consumer Energy Information 1998. 14 November 2001. ddddd . Sun (astronomy). Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001. 14 November 2001. . Research Papers on Solar Heating - Converted Energy From the SunPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Digestion and diseases of Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Digestion and diseases of - Term Paper Example Digestion is a complex process involving mechanical and chemical processes. Different complex molecules in our food are treated differently by our digestive system, depending upon its composition such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals etc. All these compounds are important as they provide source of energy, for protein making, for growth and for all the activities that we carry. The digestion starts from the mouth by chewing of food called mastication. A cephalic phase starts in which a signal is transferred to stomach lining to produce acid. The enzymes and saliva (produced by salivary glands for moistening the food) also enters the complex food particles. The starch and fats starts to breakdown right from the mouth due to saliva. The esophagus transfers the chewed food to the stomach, and this ineffective barrier may cause the acid in stomach to come up to the esophagus and cause a disease called gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) which is very common nowa days. The stomach consists of fundus, body and antrum. The gastric phase starts when food enters into a large body called stomach. Here, the proteins start to break down to form peptides and acidic conditions in stomach prevent the microorganisms for further contamination. The fundus lining in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid when as the food enter in the lining of stomach, and by this acid the de naturation of proteins occur. The pepsinogen becomes activated in the form of pepsin after the formation of hydrochloric acid. The gastric lipase further hydrolyzes the fats in the stomach. The anturm stabilizes the acid produced and is a site for the grinding action. Food passing through pyrolic sphincter to the small intestine is called chime, while passing through the pyrolic sphincter, small intestine simulates hormones secretin and cholecystokinin, further resulting in the release of pancreatic juice from pancreas. The food enters the small intestine that is extended and has incr eased surface area for absorption. It contains folding called plicae, villi and microvilli. The sucrose, maltase and lactose hydrolyze di sugars. In the region called duodenum, the bicarbonates mix with chime decreasing its acidity. The pancreatic juice also helps in digestion. Iron and calcium are taken in duodenum, while most minerals and vitamins are absorbed in jejunum. The starch also digested in duodenum and jejunum. The liver produces bile that solubilizes fat. The ileums being the final part of small intestine do the final digestion. At the end of this process, 90 percent of food is digested. The large intestine conserves the water and salts. The remaining fibers in large intestine may remain there for up to 3 days. After the whole process, the unwanted food is defecated outside the body, from colon to rectum and then out of the body. The intestines are the important part of gastro intestinal (G.I) tract because most of the absorption and digestion is done in intestines, so it has vital importance in our body. Intestines are divided into small intestine and large intestine. The anatomy tells us that from which cells, the small intestines are made up of and then discuss the physiological role played by intestines. Small intestine is that portion of intestine which is connected to stomach and food contents from stomach come into large intestine via small intestine. Here, absorption, mixing and digestion takes place. Small intestine

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational Research Paper

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational performance - Research Paper Example Moreover, the survey also stated that 28% of the global workforce is engaged, 54% is not engaged and 17% is actively disengaged. It was also found that with high level of employees’ engagement organizations tens to do well in the competitive business environment. The discussion aims to investigate the complex issues in contemporary HRM by focusing more on socio-economic issues offering challenges to HR practioners. The discussion underpins relevant literature to seek answer for the key issue revolving around socio-economic issues posing as a great challenge for contemporary HRM that is yet to be defined and understood fully in the current business environment. Majority of the literature stated that high level of employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to be transparent and honest in their approach while making their employees fully engaged to accomplish stated goals and objectives. Based on the analysis of the literature in the con text of employees’ engagement and organizations performance, it was concluded that strengthening the relationship between employees and organizations matters the most in order to enhance the overall organizational performance. ... Robinson, et al (2004) stated that employee engagement is the involvement of employees with enthusiasm for work that often results in better organizational performance. Furthermore, Fernandez (2007) stated that employee engagement is the positive attitude held by employees for their organization’s values and objectives that is created by effective relationship between employers and employees. Coffman (2000) stated that there is a positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance as engaged employees are more likely to help organizations through their dedicated approach and efforts. Meere (2005) conducted a survey on 360000 employees from 41 companies of 10 different countries and found that operating and net profit drastically reduced with low engagement of employees. Clifton (2008) stated that employee engagement is closely linked to the organizational performance but also requires organizations to form sustainable relationship with employees. O n the other hand, Vance (2006) believed that every organization has different ways of engaging their employees to enhance organizational performance. However, motivation and compassionate behaviour always help organizations to engage their employees to perform well along with putting their best foot forward in achieving the proposed goals and objectives in a systematic and enthusiastic manner. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to maintain good relationship with employees in order to win their confidence and loyalty resulting in better engagement and better creation of value and thus enhancing the overall organizational performance. Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance

Effect Of Caffeine On Breathing And Pulse Rate Biology Essay

Effect Of Caffeine On Breathing And Pulse Rate Biology Essay Caffeine is a natural chemical substance known to have stimulant properties within the body (Addicott MA Laurienti PJ, 2009). Prior research focused on caffeines ability to affect ventilation, blood pressure, mood, and mental stress (Kennedy MD et al. 2008; Addicott MA Laurienti PJ, 2009). Their findings concluded that caffeine actually spiked blood pressure, ventilation and heart rate (Kennedy MD et al., 2008); while others claimed that it had no effect on heart rate or breathing (Ratliff-Crain J et al., 1989). Some gaps in these studies were that very few actually measured the rate of breathing, but rather focused on the volume of breathing and the percent oxygen saturation/diffusion (Chapman R Stager JM, 2008), as well as blood pressure, rather than heart rate (Ratliff-Crain J et al., 1989). This experiment aimed at finding a clear relationship between ingesting caffeine, and its effect, if any, on breathing and heart rate, after the subjects performed incremental stepping exercises. The significance of this study is vital in sport, particularly caffeines role in the Olympics (Spriet LL, 1995), and its potential as a prophylactic in treating asthma (Welsh EJ et al., 2010). Methods: See School of Biological Sciences (2010). Refer to Appendix (1) for the hypotheses. Results: Using the t-test it was found that the mean (+/- range) change in pulse rate was not significantly different between non-caffeine (Group A) and caffeine (Group B) treated subjects (t=0.4, df=161, P=0.7 ie P>0.05). (Refer to Appendices 2a, 2b,3a, and 3b for the data and t-test) Figure 1: The mean of changes in the pulse rate of non-caffeinated (control) and caffeinated (treatment) participants after performing a stepping exercise. Error bars are the range. N=140 and n= 75 for the non-caffeinated and caffeinated groups respectively. Using a paired two sample for mean t-test it was found that the mean (+/- range) change in respiration rate was not significantly different between non-caffeine (Group A) and caffeine (Group B) treated subjects (t=-0.7, df=132, P=0.5 ie P>0.05). (Refer to Appendices 2a, 2b,3a, and 3b for the data and t-test) Figure 2: The mean of changes in the breathing rate of non-caffeinated (control) and caffeinated (treatment) participants after doing a stepping exercise. Error bars are the range. N=140 and n= 75 for the non caffeinated and caffeinated groups respectively. Discussion: The results of the investigation revealed that the difference in mean pulse rate change between the two groups was 1.1 BPM and the mean breathing rate was 1 BRPM. This indicated that there were no significant difference between mean change in pulse rate and breathing rate between the group that was taking the caffeinated drink (treatment), and the group that ingested the non -caffeinated beverage (control). Therefore, since (P>0.05) the null hypothesis (HO) was accepted, and the alternative hypothesis (HA) was rejected. Prior research revealed that caffeine had no significant effect on the ventilator responsiveness or exercise ventilation on exercise -induced subjects following the administration of a moderate dose of caffeine (8mg per kilogram of body weight). Any modest increase in breathing rate was attributed to caffeines secondary effect on the Central Nervous System, rather than a direct effect on the respiratory system (Chapman R Stager JM, Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia, 2008). However, other studies have suggested that caffeine acted in the manner of a ventilator stimulant and increased the breathing rate of individuals (Chapman R Mickleborough TD, 2009). Similar studies found that caffeine increased the mean change in pulse rate by 6 beats/min an hour after ingesting caffeinated coffee (350mL, 140mg of Caffeine). This revealed that while caffeine may affect the heart rate, its relative impact had no significant effect (Kennedy MD et al., 2008). Further research concluded that regular consumption of coffee could not increase the heart rate and blood pressure; unless consumed chronically and excessively (Ratliff-Crain J et al., 1989). The experimental data revealed that naturally there were a large range of values, beginning from as low as {3 BPM, 1 BRPM} and peaking to {110 BPM, and to 62 BRPM} respectively. The issue with having such a large range was that it masked any significance to the mean. The extreme data points would distort the mean value, even if caffeine had proven to have a significant effect. Thus, its effect would not be reflected in the results. Whilst increasing the sample size and repeating the experiment a number of times would improve the reliability of the experiment, it would do little to increase the precision of results. This is due to the presence of natural variation. Different people have differing athletic ability, sensitivity to caffeine, or gender differences, which the sample sizes (n=140 and n=75), did not account for. The failure to take account for the nature of the sample sizes greatly reduced the power of the experiment. Research suggests that males and females may actually hav e distinct responses (Kennedy MD et al., 2008), and so must be accounted for separately. This could be improved by separating the caffeinated and non- caffeinated groups into gender types, and perhaps only observing its effect on athletes (Chapman R Stager JM, Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia, 2008). The amount of coffee may have been too small experimentally to produce a noticeable effect. Switching the dose to a full cup of coffee could enhance the effects of caffeine (Kennedy MD et al., 2008), or perhaps the length of time between ingestion and exercise was too short. Increasing the period from 1 hour to 2 hours could give caffeine more time to produce its effects (Kennedy MD et al., 2008). The accuracy of the results could have been improved by using more sophisticated counting methods to measure heart rate like using a digital pulse readout (i.e. an ECG), or percentage arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation to measure ventilation, which would produce more accurate results (Chapman R Stager JM, Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia, 2008). The implication of this study is particularly important in the issue of caffeine bans from the International Olympic Committee, and whether or not it provides legal ergogenic advantage to athletes in short distance running or other aerobic activities. The rules governing caffeine ingestion prior to exercise may be revised if caffeine is proven to have substantially enhanced the athletes pulmonary capabilities (Spriet LL, 1995). Other future studies of caffeine include developing prophylactics for asthma (from its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator properties). Randomised clinical trials have already confirmed improvements in lung function after using caffeine. This could produce new front line drugs to treat asthma (Welsh EJ, 2010). In conclusion, the caffeinated and non caffeinated groups showed a slight mean difference of 1.1 BPM and 1 BRPM, but statistically, there were no significant change in the mean heart rate or the mean breathing rate, which means the null hypothesis was accepted (P>0.05), and the effects of caffeine was not proven conclusive on either. References: Addicott MA, Laurienti PJ. (2009). A comparison of the effects of caffeine following abstinence and normal caffeine use. Psychopharmacology , 207 (3), 423-31. Chapman R, Mickleborough TD. (2009). The effects of caffeine on ventilation and pulmonary function during exercise: an often-overlooked response. Phys Sportsmed. , 37 (4), 97-103. Chapman RF, Stager JM. (2008). Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 40 (6), 1080-6. Graham TE, Hibbert P, Sathasivam P. (1998). Metabolic and exercise endurance effects of coffee and caffeine ingestion. Journal of Applied Physiology , 85 (3), 883-9. Kennedy MD, Galloway AV, Dickau LJ, Hudson MK. (2008). The cumulative effect of coffee and a mental stress task on heart rate, blood pressure, and mental alertness is similar in caffeine-naÃÆ'Â ¯ve and caffeine-habituated females. Nutrition Research. , 28 (9), 609-614. Ratliff-Crain J, OKeeffe MK, Baum A. (1989). Cardiovascular reactivity, mood, and task performance in deprived and nondeprived coffee drinkers. Health Psychol. 1989 , 8 (4), 427-427. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney. (2010). Human Biology: Unit of Study Manual for Students. Spriet LL. (1995). Caffeine and Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition. , S84-99. Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, Cates CJ.(2010). Caffeine for asthma. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 1(1): CD001112.

Book One of John Milton’s Paradise Lost: Satan as Hero Essay

In literature and other forms of art, the character of Satan had always been depicted as nothing more than an evil entity. He was usually represented as the Devil, the creature capable of the ultimate form of wickedness. He was known to be against the Supreme Good, for he was the angel who initiated a rebellion against God. In various stories and movies, Satan had always been depicted as this static character. However, the depiction of Satan in Book One of John Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost† was truly an exception to the stereotype. In the first part of his epic, Milton showed the readers that Satan had positive traits, though he used it in a negative way. Contrary to the usual portrayal of the persona of Satan, John Milton depicted Satan as a heroic character in Book One of â€Å"Paradise Lost†. What makes a character heroic? One feature which makes a hero is a commanding presence. Heroes in literature, such as Achilles and Odysseus, are characterized with remarkable strength. These are individuals who possess imposing, if not dominant, personalities. It is their commanding presence which allows them to lead their men effectively, as it renders them as figures of authority. Combs wrote, â€Å"Heroic qualities reside in some larger-than-life figure who committed great deeds in a mythical past† (26). While Satan’s deeds can only be considered great in his own opinion, it cannot be denied that he was rendered by Milton as a larger-than-life creature in Book One. Milton presented Satan as a hero to the readers by showing how massive and mighty he is. To demonstrate the size and strength of Satan, the narrator of the poem used an analogy with reference to Greek mythology. Satan was depicted as similar to the titans who fought against Jove. Milton wrote, â€Å"Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge/ As whom the Fables name of monstrous size,/ Titanian, or Earth-Born, that warr’d on Jove† (I. 196-198). Milton also compared Satan to the Leviathan, which he described as â€Å"hugest that swim th’ Ocean stream† (I. 202). Indeed, the author had established Satan to be larger-than-life in the epic. Satan is considered as a heroic character in Book One because of his commanding presence. Another trait which a hero must possess is courage. Heroes are known to be courageous figures, those who remain unnerved during difficult struggles or when confronted with the inevitable. Satan is a heroic character in Book One of â€Å"Paradise Lost† because of the courage he displayed. He proved to be courageous because he displayed unshakeable resolve amidst trying times. It is known that Satan used to be an angel who sought to overpower God. He gathered his followers and rebelled against Him, only to fail in their selfish pursuit. As a result, Satan and the other angels were sent to Hell. Hell proved to be most unpleasant compared to Heaven. While there was a fiery lake in Hell, its flames gave off darkness instead of light. Milton wrote, â€Å"As one great Furnace flam’d, yet from those flames/ No light, but rather darkness visible† (I. 62-63). While a weaker personality may have given up on such dire situation, Satan was undaunted by his present dilemma. Instead of being dragged down by his fall from grace, he embraced his place in Hell. Satan remarked, â€Å"To reign is worth ambition though in Hell:/ Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav’n† (I. 262-263). In addition, Satan’s fall from grace did not diminish his determination in his pursuit of evil. God may have defeated Satan in the rebellion, but the Supreme Deity did not defeat his will to fight. Satan said, â€Å"All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,/ And study of revenge, immortal hate,/ And courage never to submit or yield:/ And what else not to be overcome? † (I. 106-109). Hence, Satan is a hero because of the courage he displayed. Also, Satan appeared to be a hero in the first part of Milton’s epic poem due to his bravery. How did Satan exhibit bravery in Book One? Satan proved himself to be a brave character because he did not reveal fear even though he was confronted with danger. After the angels failed in their revolt against God, some of Satan’s comrades have lost hope. For instance, Beelzebub was greatly disheartened by the defeat. Their failure convinced him of God’s power. Beelzebub told Satan: â€Å"Fearless, endanger’d Heav’ns perpetual King;/ And to put to proof his high Supremacy† (I. 131-132). Unlike his companion, Satan still wanted to challenge God’s power. He does not regret initiating the war, and still wanted to execute another battle. Satan wanted to wage a second war against God, hoping that the next attempt would be more successful. He uttered, â€Å"We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal Warr/ Irreconcileable, to our grand Foe† (I. 120-123). Satan is a heroic character in Book One of Paradise Lost because he was unafraid to face an enemy stronger and more powerful than him. The three aforementioned traits truly render Satan as a heroic character. With those three traits, Satan would follow the tradition of other heroes in literature. Milton made Satan appear as a warrior hero with the other angels as his comrades. However, it cannot be denied that there would be instances wherein the other warriors are discouraged by the outcome of their battles. Therefore, it would be the responsibility of the leader to motivate the rest and make them continue on in the path they chose to travel. In this case, Satan again proved to be a heroic character in Book One. He was heroic because he asserted his leadership and convinced the other angels to do as he pleased. Satan had a plan against God and despite the defeat, he never strayed from it. In contrast, the other angels had become weary of their situation. It became Satan’s task to uplift his followers and make them believe in his plan. When Beelzebub was discouraged after hearing Satan’s suggestion of another attack, the latter gave a speech to convince the former. Satan said, â€Å"To do ought good never will be our task,/ But ever to do ill our sole delight† (I. 159-160). His optimism over his grand scheme against goodness was so persuasive that the other fallen angels had obeyed his orders. Because he was a leader who kept his followers on the path towards his desired end, Satan can be considered as a heroic character. In Book One of â€Å"Paradise Lost†, Milton truly painted a rare picture of Satan. He made one of the most despicable characters in history as an appealing character. Satan became appealing to the readers because Milton’s depiction paid more attention on his positive qualities. His larger-than-life persona, as well as his courage, bravery and leadership, made Satan an admirable individual. Moreover, not only did Milton make Satan appealing, he made him sympathetic as well. It is obvious that Satan had questionable logic; his arguments were flawed. Despite this, he was still able to persuade the other angels. He was also able to make the readers sympathize to his cause, no matter how wicked it was. When Satan first spoke in Book One, he described the fallen angels’ undesirable state in Hell. His words persuaded the readers of God’s wrath. Satan said, â€Å"He with his Thunder: and till then who knew/ The force of those dire Arms? † (I. 93-94). From his speech, Satan allowed the readers to think that God was at fault and his actions against Him were justified. Nevertheless, the text itself is proof of Satan’s free will. Satan was free to act as he pleased, and he chose to gather his followers and rebel against God. Satan was the one at fault because he was made free but he decided to use his freedom for evil. Therefore, while Satan may seem to be a heroic character, it does not mean that he was not flawed. Unlike most accounts of Satan, Book One of â€Å"Paradise Lost† proved to be different. John Milton deviated from the stereotype and presented Satan as a heroic figure. He made Satan as a commanding character who was courageous, brave and convincing to others. As a result, Milton depicted Satan as a character with redeeming qualities. However, these redeeming qualities are not enough to make him a perfect persona. Indeed, Satan is portrayed as a heroic character in Book One of â€Å"Paradise Lost† by John Milton. Works Cited Combs, James E. Polpop: Politics and Popular Culture in America. Wisconsin: Popular Press, 1984. Milton, John. â€Å"Paradise Lost. † University of Oregon Web Site. 1997. 17 July 2009 < http://darkwing. uoregon. edu/~rbear/lost/lost. html>.

The Oxford American Dictionary

According to The Oxford American Dictionary, a fact â€Å"is a thing that is known to have occurred, to exist, or to be true,† while an opinion is â€Å"a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge. † Written in 1898, Albert Shaw’s work, â€Å"The Blowing Up of the Maine,† provides examples of the differences between fact and opinion that can be found in a writing style called â€Å"yellow journalism.† Coined in the late 19th century, the phrase â€Å"yellow journalism† was used to describe newspapers that used a combination of verifiable data, sensationalism and distorted imagery to increase sales and/or influence public viewpoints. In â€Å"The Blowing Up of the Maine,† author Shaw emphasizes emotion and anti-Spanish bias, while limiting facts, in his description of the destruction of the USS Maine, an American warship harbored briefly in Cuba’s Havana Harbor, to achieve the following g oals: promotion of American nationalism and justification of the subsequent conflict between the United States and Spain that led to the Spanish-American War.He accomplishes those two objectives through discussion of the following: 1. ) America’s collective opinion of Spanish policy and actions, 2. ) Spain’s anti-American sentiment, and 3. ) the federal government’s response to Spain and growth of the American military. Additionally, Shaw’s style allows readers to compare and contrast fact and opinion in his rendition of this part of American history. Firstly, Shaw’s focus on emotionalism is demonstrated at the beginning of his accounting with a description of the American public’s feelings about the explosion of the USS Maine.He states, â€Å"†¦75 million Americans have accordingly suspended judgment in the face of a great provocation†¦to suppose the destruction of the Maine an ordinary incident and not due to any external agency or hostile intent was, under all the circumstances, to set completely at defiance the law of probabilities. † While Shaw does infuse a factual approximation with his reference to America’s population, with the 1900 United States Census indicating 76,212,168 Americans, he presumes to know the feelings of the entire American populace. In 1900, approximately sixty percent of Americans lived in rural areas (U.S. Census, 1900). And only 1. 3% of the population had telephones (Guinee, 1995). Consequently, communications across country were limited, and the first national opinion survey wasn’t administered until 1916 (Converse, 1987). Thus, it would have difficult for Shaw to have documented the actual feelings of the entire American population. Additionally, Shaw infers that the explosion of the USS Maine was caused by Spanish aggression. Without reference to actual data, he suggests that it was highly improbable that the event was caused by anything other than an att ack from Spain. In 1898 and 1911, the U.S. Department of Navy conducted investigations, concluding that a mine had caused the destruction of the warship (Naval Historical Center, 2003). According to the U. S. Navy, â€Å"Technical experts at the time of both investigations disagreed with the findings, believing that spontaneous combustion of coal in the bunker adjacent to the reserve six-inch magazine was the most likely cause of the explosion on board the ship† (Naval Historical Center, The Destruction of the USS Maine section, para 12, 2003). To date, no final cause of the Maine’s destruction has been determined (Naval Historical Center, 2003).Shaw continues his emotional description of America’s opinion of Spain in a series of additional references. He states, â€Å"There are a few people in the United States – we should not like to believe that more than one hundred†¦ who believe that the United States ought to join hands with Spain in forcing t he Cuban insurgents to lay down their arms†¦ † Shaw makes assumptions about the opinions of the American public, assuming that less than 1% would support Spain’s actions, without actual facts to support his statement. He later states, â€Å"The people of the United States do not intend to help Spain hold Cuba.On the contrary, they are now ready, in one way or another, to help the Cubans drive Spain out of the Western Hemisphere. If the occasion goes past and we allow the Cuban struggle to run on indefinitely, the American people will have lost several degrees of self-respect†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, Shaw presumes to know the thoughts of all Americans and uses an emotional appeal to emphasize his views. He makes no reference to a poll or survey taken of American sentiment, and leads the reader to conclude that all Americans are ready to go to war with Spain to end its rule of Cuba, without any data to back his opinion.Additionally, he infers that America’s failu re to aid Cuba against Spain would be wrong, if not immoral. Secondly, Shaw also discusses Spain’s â€Å"feelings† about America throughout â€Å"The Blowing Up of the Maine† to further strengthen support for his opinions. He says, â€Å"It has been known perfectly well that Spanish hatred might at any time manifest itself by attempts upon the life of the American representative at Havana, Consul General Fitzhugh Lee.† He states, â€Å"The Spaniards themselves, however, looked upon the sending of the Maine as a further aggravation of the long series of their just grievances against the United States. They regarded the presence of the Maine at Havana as a menace to Spanish sovereignty in the island and as an encouragement to the insurgents. He also notes, â€Å"The American pretense that the Maine was making a visit of courtesy seemed to these Spaniards a further example of Anglo-Saxon hypocrisy.† And, finally, he adds, â€Å"†¦Spain on her p art was trying to raise money to buy ships and secure allies. † Shaw’s descriptions lead the reader to assume that a Spanish attack on America was imminent and something that America prepare for and expect. Again, Shaw expresses his opinions without supporting data. He makes no references to Spanish official documents or policies, or to statements made by Spanish leaders, that would prove Spain harbored ill feelings towards Americans or intended to attack the United States.Instead, he incites America’s emotions with his allusions that Spain caused the destruction of the USS Maine and has been preparing for war with America. Finally, Shaw appeals to American patriotism by discussing actions performed by the federal government and the subsequent growth of the military. He uses a mixture of fact and opinion, again presuming the entire American population is aware of a series of actions undertaken by the American government to prepare for war against Spain. He does n ot, however, provide verification of the information he writes. He states the following,â€Å"The whole country has known that†¦government work was being prosecuted with double or quadruple forces of men, working by night as well as by day; that ammunition factories, iron and steel plants, and every other establishment capable of furnishing any kind of military or naval supplies were receiving orders from the government and were working to the full extent of their capacity; that our naval representatives were negotiating abroad for additional warships; that new regiments of artillerymen were being enlisted for the big guns on the seaboard; that naval recruits were being mustered in to man newly commissioned ships; that the railroads were preparing by order of the War Department to bring the little United States Army from western and northern posts to convenient southern centers. † He adds â€Å"†¦on March 8 [three weeks following the destruction of the USS Maine], the House of Representatives unanimously voted to place $50 million at the unqualified disposal of President McKinley as an emergency fund for the national defense – †¦followed by an equally unanimous vote of the Senate†¦a very large sum to place in the hands of one man†¦no part of the $50 million will be squandered by the administration.† While the reader could verify Congress’ allocation of funds to the Executive branch of government for national defense, how could Shaw know that all plants were â€Å"working to full capacity† or determine that as many as two to four times as many men were working to prepare American for war? Or how would Shaw know exactly how the funds would be spent? Again, Shaw makes predictions regarding the conflict with Spain, this time about the American government. Shaw adds statements like, â€Å"The quickness and inventiveness of America[s]†¦have no parallel in Europe,† â€Å"Americans had been†¦building or buying†¦high speed and stanch qualities, capable of being quickly transformed into naval dispatch boats or armored and fitted with torpedo tubes.Probably not a single private Spanish citizen could turn over to his government such a vessel†¦,† and â€Å"[America] the most highly developed mechanical and industrial nation will by virtue of such development be most formidable in war†¦, a situation that the Spaniards in general are evidently quite unable to comprehend. † Shaw emphasizes the strength of American â€Å"might† (comparing it to Spain) and an increase in the size of the military to promote nationalism and gain public support for the war. Again, Shaw offers no data to support his opinions, only making the assumption that America would be better equipped for conflict than the Spanish. In conclusion, Shaw’s â€Å"The Blowing Up of the Maine† is an example of â€Å"yellow journalism,† using a combination of fac t, emotionalism and opinion to promote patriotism and public support of war with Spain.While there is no definitive proof that works like Shaw’s caused the Spanish-American War, sensationalist writing does rouse emotions. According to historians, a debate still continues: Did yellow journalism create the conflict between America and Spain, or simply demonstrate what contemporary Americans felt at that time? While the question remains unanswered, readers are able to compare fact and opinion and come to their own conclusions. References Converse, Jean M (1987). Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence 1890-1960. Guinee, Kathleen (1995). A Journey through the History of Information Technology. Naval Historical Center (2003). Destruction of USS Maine. U. S. Census (1890).