The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1345 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There was a time when transport, telecommunications, postal services and energy were not open to competition. This resulted into the inefficiencies causing inferior and uneconomical services to the common masses. The objective of EU commission was to liberalize these sectors and let the competitive forces decide the quality of services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Eu Competition Commission Economical Benefits Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This helps consumers to have improved services at economical prices. More active players in a given sector bring novelty in the services developing more choices for the consumers. This helps become economy more competitive and consumer friendly. The glaring example is the low-cost airlines being operated in Europe after European Commission opened up the airline industry to competition. Not only services in airlines business are more economical but services have also improved manifold. Another example can be given in the telecommunication sector where EU opened up the sector in January, 1998. This has resulted into the savings of 13% and 23% in their bills on fixed telephones for residential and business users of Europe respectively between 1998 and 2003. These savings were more remarkable for international calls were average cost to OECD countries came down by 41% for all residential users. Thus, it is amply clear that EU commission has been instrumental in providing economical solut ion to the consumers with much improved services. Merging of large companies in the market place could create a monopoly for them pushing the prices of their products and jeopardizing the interests of consumers. The EU commission keeps a check on this and safeguards the interests of users so that large companies cannot take undue advantage of their large controlling market share in the business. Elf Aquitaine and TotalFina were the major players in the French petroleum market and their merger would have created a monopoly kind of situation controlling almost 60 percent of the service stations on French motorways. The merged entity would have become the largest supplier of liquid petroleum gas (LPG). This would have certainly pushed up the prices to harm the consumers. As a solution, Elf/TotalFina proposed to sell 70 service stations to competitors. On this consideration, EU commission allowed the conditional merger ensuring that consumers continue to get products at fair price. T he EU has the right to investigate the mergers with a sole aim of community protection at large. The case of merger of pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Pharmacia is worth enumerating, when commission noted that this may have an adverse impact on competition and consumers may not have sufficient choice on certain drugs. As a solution, merger companies proposed transferring some of the drugs to competitors that was agreed by EU commission protecting the interests of drug users. Similar was the case of merger of Sanofi and Synthà ©labo when two pharmaceutical companies sold off some of the products such as antibiotics, sedatives and vitamin drugs to competitors to take a clearance from EU commission for proposed merger between them. Thus, EU commission investigates all the large mergers, which may have adverse effect on the consumers. The EU commission thus, operates as a strict watch dog on the large companies trying to acquire business or proposing mergers. A free market is a necessity for fair play but sometimes it happens that in a free market companies in the similar business form a cartel and try to avoid competition. The antitrust laws enacted by EU commission come into force to protect the consumer interests when companies try to restrict the competition. In a cartel, two or more companies come together and divide the markets between them keeping prices artificially high. That is how they try to avoid the competition among themselves thus consumers are made to suffer paying high prices providing inferior services. This is the reason cartels are called illegal under EU law and commission may impose heavy fines on companies creating cartel. Due to these reasons, they are kept as a closely guarded secret and it is hard to find evidence to it. Then how does the commission control cartel? The commission has adopted a leniency policy for the company who passes on information on cartel formation to commission and the company will be saved from paying any fines on forming a cartel. This policy in fact prevents companies to indulge into practices of forming any cartelization. The example of such cartelization and subsequent fines was found in 2001 when EU commission fined eight companies for participation in cartels which were mainly to eliminate competition in vitamin sector. The fines charged were more than EUR 800 million. Another example is found in video games when Japanese company Nintendo colluded with seven of its distributors in Europe to maintain high prices across EU. The commission charged the fine of EUR 168 million on Nintendo and its distributors.   Other than cartelization, sometimes large company tries to squeeze small companies out of the market. Dominant companies are those who have large share of the market and they have economic strength to act ignoring consumers and competitors. Abusing dominant position is considered illegal for the companies. Such abuses mainly consist of charging high prices to consumers charging such a low price to drive the competition out of the market making it almost impossible for competitor to enter the market employing discriminating behavior such as refusing to deal with certain customers or giving discounts to those who buy their complete product range or all supplies from them enforcing unusual conditions such as linking sale of one product with another. The commission fined Microsoft EUR 497 million for abusing its dominant position in the market for operating system of its personal computers business between 1998 and 2004. Microsoft controlled 95% market in the business of its windows operating system and it made the purchase of windows operating system conditional with the purchase of Windows media player. Thus, Microsoft made all PCs loaded with Windows media players and forcing all application developers and content providers to switch to Windows media players for its application. Consumers get fair price and quality services when companies operate on equal basis in a free market. At times, States provide aid to national industries using public resources. A company receiving government support and aid has undue advantage over competitors, which goes against the basic principle of free competition among the companies. The state aid de-motivates other companies to operate in the market to improve services and bringing novelty in the products as it will never have fair preposition in its product/services pricing. The EC Treaty prohibits any State aid unless it is necessary and for the purpose of general economic development. In 1990s, Dutch government granted aid to SCI Systems to establish a factory to assemble PCs of Hewlett-Packard. This was against the basic principle of providing equal level ground for all and such measures would end up in promoting regional areas and in the process richer states will constantly outbid the poorer ones. SCI returned the state aid amounting to EUR 1.7 million to Dutch government. The objective of the commission is to be seen in the larger context of consumer benefits promoting even ground for all to achieve efficiency in the operations. The sole aim of discouraging State aid is not to distort competition in the market place because consumer will be benefitted by free market and not through State aid as it is never a long term solution for the improved product quality or efficient services. International cooperation on competition policy becomes essential due to globalization and increasing number of cartels and acquisitions take place outside EU. It is obvious that such activities that take place at international level likely to create impact among the EU member countries. As cartel within the union harms consumers, in the same way cartels outside EU also affect the consumers within the union. Commission also examines such cartels that take place outside EU. The EU commission remains in constant touch with other competition commission and work in coordination with them. It functions with the underlying principle that the more close-knit cooperation prevails among the international competition authorities; more are the chance for consumers to have best deal in quality and prices by taking uniform action against companies forming cartels.

Jason and the Argonauts Free Essays

string(154) " people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town\." JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS The Early Years Jason was the son of the lawful king of Iolcus, but his uncle Pelias had usurped the throne. Pelias lived in constant fear of losing what he had taken so unjustly. He kept Jason’s father a prisoner and would certainly have murdered Jason at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Jason and the Argonauts or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Jason’s mother deceived Pelias by mourning as if Jason had died. Meanwhile the infant was bundled off to the wilderness cave of Chiron the Centaur. Chiron tutored Jason in the lore of plants, the hunt and the civilized arts. When he had come of age, Jason set out like a proper hero to claim his rightful throne. The First Test Unknowingly, Jason was to play his part in a plan hatched on lofty Mount Olympus. Hera, wife of almighty Zeus himself, nursed a rage against King Pelias. For Jason’s uncle, the usurper king, had honored all the gods but Hera. Rashly had he begrudged the Queen of Heaven her due. Hera’s plan was fraught with danger; it would require a true hero. To test Jason’s mettle, she contrived it that he came to a raging torrent on his way to Iolcus. And on the bank was a withered old woman. Would Jason go about his business impatiently, or would he give way to her request to be ferried across the stream? The Oracle’s Warning Jason did not think twice. Taking the crone on his back, he set off into the current. And halfway across he began to stagger under her unexpected weight. For the old woman was none other than Hera in disguise. Some say that she revealed herself to Jason on the far shore; others claim that he never learned of the divine service he’d performed. Jason had lost a sandal in the swift-moving stream, and this would prove significant. For an oracle had warned King Pelias, â€Å"Beware a stranger who wears but a single sandal. † When Jason arrived in Iolcus, he asserted his claim to the throne. But his uncle Pelias had no intention of giving it up, particularly to a one-shoed stranger. The Challenge Under the guise of hospitality, he invited Jason to a banquet. And during the course of the meal, he engaged him in conversation. â€Å"You say you’ve got what it takes to rule a kingdom,† said Pelias. â€Å"May I take it that you’re fit to deal with any thorny problems that arise? For example, how would you go about getting rid of someone who was giving you difficulties? † Jason considered for a moment, eager to show a kingly knack for problem solving. â€Å"Send him after the Golden Fleece? † he suggested. â€Å"Not a bad idea,† responded Pelias. â€Å"It’s just the sort of quest that any hero worth his salt would leap at. Why, if he succeeded he’d be remembered down through the ages. Tell you what, why don’t you go? † The Argonauts And so it came to pass that word went out the length and breadth of Greece that Jason was looking for shipmates to embark upon a perilous but glamorous adventure. And in spite of the miniscule chances of anyone surviving to lay eyes upon the Fleece let alone get past the guarding dragon and return with the prize, large numbers of heroes were ready to run the risk. These were known as the Argonauts, after their ship, the Argo. Among them were Hercules (or Heracles, to give him his proper Greek name) and the heroine Atalanta. Jason had the vessel constructed by the worthy shipwright Argus, who in a fit of vanity named her more or less after himself. The Adventure Begins Argus had divine sponsorship in his task, Hera having enlisted the aid of her fellow goddess Athena. This patroness of crafts secured a prow for the vessel from timber hewn at the sacred grove of Zeus at Dodona. This prow had the magical property of speaking – and prophesying – in a human voice. And so one bright autumn morning the Argo set out to sea, her benches crewed by lusty ranks of heroic rowers. And true to Pelias’s fondest aspirations, it wasn’t long before big troubles assailed the company. After stopping for better than a fortnight on an island populated exclusively by women, they put in at Salmydessus. The Harpies The king welcomed them but was in no mood for festive entertainment. Because he’d offended the gods, he’d been set upon by woman-headed, bird-bodied, razor-clawed scourges known as Harpies. These Harpies were possessed of reprehensible table manners. Every evening at dinnertime, they dropped by to defecate upon the king’s repast and hung around making such a racket that he wouldn’t have been able to eat had he the stomach for it. As a result, King Phineus grew thinner by the hour. Fortunately two of Jason’s crew were direct descendants of the North Wind, which gave them the power to fly. And they kindly chased the Harpies so far away that the king was never bothered again. The Clashing Rocks In thanks, Phineus informed the Argonauts of a danger just ahead on the route to the Golden Fleece – two rocks called the Symplegades, which crashed together upon any ship passing between them. The king even suggested a mechanism by which one might avoid the effects of these Clashing Rocks. If a bird could be induced to pass between the crags first, causing them to clash together, the Argo could follow quickly behind, passing through safely before they were ready to snap shut again. By means of this device, Jason caused the rocks to spring together prematurely, nipping only the tail feathers of the bird. The Argo was able to pass between them relatively unscathed. Only her very stern was splintered. The Flying Ram Once arrived in Colchis, Jason had to face a series of challenges meted out by King Aeetes, ruler of this barbarian kingdom on the far edge of the heroic world. He and his people were not kindly disposed toward strangers, although on an earlier occasion he had extended hospitality to a visitor from Jason’s home town. You read "Jason and the Argonauts" in category "Essay examples" This may have been due to the newcomer’s unorthodox mode of transportation. For he arrived on the back of a golden-fleeced flying ram. The stranger’s name was Phrixus, and he had been on the point of being sacrificed when the ram carried him off. Having arrived safely in Colchis, he sacrificed the ram to the gods and hung its fleece in a grove. Aeetes gave him the hand of one of his daughters in marriage. Medea King Aeetes had taken a disliking to Jason on sight. He had no particular fondness for handsome young strangers who came traipsing into his kingdom on glorious quests featuring the trampling of his sacred grove and the carrying off of his personal property. For King Aeetes considered the Golden Fleece to be his own, and he was in the midst of telling Jason just what he could do with his precious quest when he was reminded of the obligations of hospitality by another of his daughters named Medea. Medea was motivated by more than good manners. For Hera had been looking out for Jason’s interests, and she had succeeded in persuading her fellow goddess Aphrodite to intervene on Jason’s behalf. A Farmyard Chore It was no problem at all for the Goddess of Love to arrange that Medea be stricken with passion for Jason the moment she first saw him. And it was a good thing for Jason that this was so. For not only was he spared a kingly tongue-lashing and a quick trip to the frontier, but Medea quietly offered to help him in his latest predicament. For once her father had calmed down, he had waxed suspiciously reasonable. Of course Jason could have the Fleece and anything else he required in furtherance of his quest – Aeetes couldn’t imagine what had possessed him to be so uncooperative. All he required of Jason as a simple token of good faith was the merest of farmyard chores. The Fire-Breathing Bulls There were two bulls standing in the adjacent pasture. If Jason would be so kind as to harness them, plow the field, sow it and reap the harvest in a single day, King Aeetes would be much obliged – and only too happy to turn over the Golden Fleece. Oh, and there was one trifling detail of which Jason should be aware. These bulls were a bit unusual in that their feet were made of brass sharp enough to rip open a man from gullet to gizzard. And then of course there was the matter of their bad breath. In point of fact, they breathed flames. Along about this juncture Jason thought he heard his mommy, Queen Polymede, calling. But then, as noted, Medea took him gently aside and suggested that she might be of aid. Plowing and Sowing Quite conveniently for Jason, Medea was a famous sorceress, magic potions being her stock in trade. She slipped Jason a salve which, when smeared on his body, made him proof against fire and brazen hooves. And so it was that Jason boldly approached the bulls and brooked no bullish insolence. Disregarding the flames that played merrily about his shoulders and steering clear of the hooves, he forced the creatures into harness and set about plowing the field. Nor was the subsequent sowing any great chore for the now-heartened hero. Gaily strewing seed about like a nymph flinging flowers in springtime, he did not stop to note the unusual nature of the seed. The Dragon’s Teeth Aeetes, it turns out, had got his hands on some dragon’s teeth with unique agricultural properties. As soon as these hit the soil they began to sprout, which was good from the point of view of Jason accomplishing his task by nightfall, but bad in terms of the harvest. For each seed germinated into a fully-armed warrior, who popped up from the ground and joined the throng now menacing poor Jason. Aeetes, meanwhile, was standing off to the side of the field chuckling quietly to himself. It irked the king somewhat to see his daughter slink across the furrows to Jason’s side, but he didn’t think too much of it at the time. Having proven herself polite to a fault, maybe Medea was just saying a brief and proper farewell. Conquest of the Seed Men In actuality, she was once more engaged in saving the young hero’s posterior. This time there was no traffic in magic embrocations. Medea merely gave Jason a tip in basic psychology. Jason, who it was quite clear by now lacked the heroic wherewithal to make the grade on his own, at least had the sense to recognize good advice. Employing the simple device suggested by Medea, he brought the harvest in on deadline with a minimum of personal effort. He simply threw a stone at one of the men. The man, in turn, thought his neighbor had done it. And in short order all the seed men had turned on one another with their swords until not one was left standing. The Golden Fleece Aeetes had no choice but to make as though he’d give the Fleece to Jason, but he still had no intention of doing so. He now committed the tactical error of divulging this fact to his daughter. And Medea, still entranced by the Goddess of Love, confided in turn in Jason. Furthermore, she offered to lead him under cover of darkness to the temple grove where the Fleece was displayed, nailed to a tree and guarded by a dragon. And so at midnight they crept into the sacred precinct of Ares, god of war. Jason, ever the hothead, whipped out his sword, but Medea wisely restrained his impetuosity. The Aftermath Instead, she used a sleeping potion to subvert the monster’s vigilance. Together they made off with the Fleece and escaped to the Argo. Setting sail at once, they eluded pursuit. Thus Jason succeeded in his heroic challenge. And once returned to Greece, he abandoned Medea for another princess. For though Jason had sworn to love and honor Medea for the service she had done him, he proved as fickle in this regard as he’d been unfit for single-handed questing How to cite Jason and the Argonauts, Essay examples

Justinian I Essay Example For Students

Justinian I Essay Justinian I Justinian had a very significant role in world history. There are many things that are overlooked when speaking of Justinian. For instance, Justinian was a great architect. Many times we overlook the little characteristics of Justinian and we focus on the code of Justinian. Justinian was born a barbarian, probably born of Slavic parents in Illyia. We know nothing of his early years except that his uncle adopted him. His uncle was Justin I, the emperor of Constantinople. Then in 527 A. D. , Justin made Justinian a co-ruler. Four months later, when Justin died, Justinian became the sole emperor. This was the beginning of Justinians famous rule, which lasted from 527 A. D. through 565 A. D. (The Reign of Justinian). The reign of Justinian was significant in many ways. First of all, it marked the final end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europes unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinians rule saw a flourishment in the areas of architecture, the arts, and literature. It was a time of re-building for the mpire. Justinian pursued an ambitious dream of restoring the old Roman Empire. In fact, Justinian led the Byzantine army in many wars to regain this land. These wars destroyed much of the great architecture that Justinian himself had created. More than any other series of events before of since that time. Justinian was successful in driving out the Ostrogoths from Italy, and the Vandals from Africa. During the western wars Justinian bought peace with the Persians, weakened the empire, and oppressed his subjects (Justinian). Justinian tried to restore the empire to match the size that it was at the time of the Roman Empire. These immense military efforts did all but exhaust the empires treasury. He even had to pay Persia for peace just so that he could have a free hand in the west. However, even after Justinians immense efforts, after his death, most of Italy, Southern Spain, and Africa were once again recaptured, leaving only Justinians dream of restoring the empire to the glory it once knew. His dream had failed (The Empire at the time of Justinian). The westerners didnt want to return to some of the old Roman ways such as Roman taxation, Roman justice, and the imperial influences in their lives. The Easterners didnt want to waste money efending western conquests and were impoverished by the cost of these wars. During this time of war Justinian had to raise the taxes in order to pay for the war, and rebuild the burnt city as fire was set to the city in the Nika Revolt. There were great losses due to the wars. Italy laid in ruins and residents lived in poverty for centuries after this tragedy. Along with this, much of Romes great buildings could have survived if Justinian had left the Ostrogoths in Italy. Even though Justinians reconquests in the west were not permanent, his destruction or weakening of civilized Germanic ribes was. The only tribe untouched by Justinian was the Burgundians who had too few people to exercise any real power. Easterners didnt stop the new invaders in the west when Justinian died. The Persians recognized the weakness, and after Justinians death, they attacked the Byzantine Empire. After all this, the Eastern and Westerners wanted to restore the empire. Finally, in 632 AD, the Byzantines were victorious over the Persians but because both of the groups of people were so weak, it was easy for the Muslim armies to overthrow them (The Reign of Justinian) Justinian felt many of the laws of Byzantium were very confusing. many were out of date, some contradicting others, and not in one place did a complete collection of the laws exist. To solve this problem, Justinian assigned a commission to study the problem. Their work resulted in the publication of the Code of Justinian. .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postImageUrl , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:visited , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active { border:0!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:active , .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue19853c9e33ab369b1dc31aaa16818ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pacific Lumber EssayThis code consisted of imperial decrees, legal opinions of judges and lawyers, and even a textbook for law students. The code allowed him to gain better control over his provincial governors to more effectively finance his military campaigns against Persia and other surrounding nations. Roman law formed the base of civil law. Still today many countries have bits and pieces of the code entwined in their law. It became a model for new laws and systems of laws. And many legal maxims still in use today have been derived from Justinians Code (Justinians Code). The Code was published on April 7, 529. Justinians Code is just as notable and publicly known as Hammarabis Code. Parts of Justinians Code resembles parts of Hammarabis Code (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Another over looked characteristic of Justinian was his religion. He was very religious. He strengthened Christianity at the expense of non-Christian ulture. Justinian abolished all pagan teachers and all schools of pagan philosophy. Justinian was undoubtedly the most famous of Byzantine emperors. Justice, the meaning and spelling are taken from Justinian. He was married to Theodora, who was a famous actress. The results of his decisions were critical in the development in western Europe. The Middle Ages would not have happened had it not been for Justinian. It was not necessarily his achievements but because of his failures that history turned out the way that it did. Justinian is known as the last great Roman Emperor (Justinian). Justinian thought of himself as the restorer of Roman power and prestige (The Empire at the time of Justinian). On the issue of architecture, Justinian restored many of the old, traditional Roman Churches. The most famous and noted of these is St. Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It was known as an architectural wonder of the middle ages. This is just one of the numerous churches that Justinian restored (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Justinian was a very fine architect. The public buildings and other structures were used as gifts, but also monuments that declared the greatness of a ruler. He was eager to have a permanent literary record of his building achievements. As previously mentioned, Justinian restored many of the Churches in his empire. He also rebuilt a hospital that was free of charges for the poor of the city. The reign of Justinian would have been incomplete if it had not brought with it some new monuments to the glory of the empire. He wanted to provide the people with the much needed public buildings. Justinian surpassed the work of Constantine, who up to that point, had been the greatest builder among the Christian emperors of the Empire. (The Empire at the time of Justinian) On the ubject of art and literature, Justinian supported each of these. He supported the Classical Greek Literature, and the arts. At first the Christians in the empire didnt accept the literature and education of the Classical Greek style. They (the Christians) failed to see a way in which the blasphemous literature could be brought into a relationship with the Christian teaching. But in time, and with a few actions of Justinian, the Christian thinkers began to realize that there was much that could be learned from the Classical Greek teachings. One action of Justinian was, in my opinion, a bit harsh. There were schools located throughout the empire, but one in particular, in Athens, the teachers would only teach the Classics in their Pagan views, as they still remained Pagans. Justinian gave them the opportunity to become Christian, and when they refused he shut down the school. Because of the favorable atmosphere of the capital city, a number of distinguished literary figures of Justinians time popped up. Their works were largely influenced by the great Greek philosopher such as Aristotle and Plato. It is said that if Justinian had sided with the Christians when dealing with the Classical Greek eachings, he would be cutting a major part of his heritage. .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postImageUrl , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:visited , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active { border:0!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:active , .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094 .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua14865b6d8d9237629c8c1e7e6429094:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Youth Violence And The Mass Media EssayThe people, most of which, were not prepared for such an action (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Even though his dream of restoration had failed, he didnt fail in all areas. many of the areas such as art, literature, architecture, and the famed Code of Justinian, are still around today. Parts of the code are found in laws of different countries. Justinians reign would prove to be beneficial not only to his empire, but to the world as we know it today. Justinian was a very important ruler who did much to influence history.

James Joyce Araby; practice quiz Essay Example

James Joyce: Araby; practice quiz Paper Which type of irony is represented by the boys disillusionment at the bazaar? Ironic contrast between romance and reality Which statement best summarizes the story? Dreams often end in disillusionment. For the boy in the story, his epiphany brings him — the knowledge that his desires have been vain and foolish In this story the word Araby refers primarily to a — fair or bazaar The story is narrated by — the main character later in his life What does the boy in Araby feel when he hears his uncle talking to himself? anxiety Which detail in this passage from Araby is the strongest indicator of the boys inner feelings? I found myself in a big hall girdled at half its height by a gallery. Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness. the halls darkness The boys experience at the stall of the young lady adds to the story because the incident — characterizes the bazaar as drab, seedy, and ordinary In literature, the term epiphany refers to __________. a moment of sudden insight After the narrator speaks to Mangans sister about the bazaar, he tells her that if he goes to Araby, he will bring a gift for her. How does the narrators behavior at home and in school show how this decision has affected him? Cite one or two examples from Araby to support your response. Sample answer: The narrator is distracted by his promise to the girl. He cannot concentrate on his schoolwork and is restless at home. The story takes place — in Dublin, Ireland about a hundred years ago At the end of Araby, the boy experiences anger and sadness because his epiphany reveals that he will never be able to satisfy his desires

Solar Heating †Converted Energy From the Sun

Solar Heating – Converted Energy From the Sun Free Online Research Papers Solar Heating Converted Energy From the Sun Solar heating is energy from the sun that is converted into either thermal energy or electricity. It is a renewable resource that is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is available just about everywhere on earth. This type of energy is free, and cannot be raised in price. Solar energy is also one of the major sources of the world’s power. It is used to provide lighting, mechanical power, and electricity in cities all around the world. Energy from the sun in the form of heat can be utilized either passively or actively to replace traditional energy sources in commercial and residential buildings and homes. This type of energy can also be used to keep a person warm and may also assist in the warming up of food. Passive solar energy is one form of solar energy. This kind of energy represents an important strategy for replacing traditional energy sources in buildings. Anyone who has sat by a sunny window on a cold winter day has felt the effects of passive solar energy. All passive techniques use walls, windows, floors and roofs, in addition to exterior building elements and landscaping, to control the heat generated by solar radiation. The term passive means that no extra mechanical equipment is used, other than the normal building elements. Passive solar heating of buildings happens when sunlight passes through a window, hits something, is absorbed by that object and is converted to heat. Once the heat has entered the building, many different methods are used to keep and scatter it. A well-insulated and airtight building helps prevent heat loss and allows solar heat to provide more of the heating needed. Approximately 25 percent of a buildings heating requirement can be gained with passive solar techniques. Active heating of buildings is one of the major uses of the suns energy. In some cases, the cost is almost as high as that of non-renewable energy sources. One way of actively heating a building is by using solar energy to heat water in solar collectors, then transferring the heat to the rest of the house by liquid or air. Another way to actively heat a building is to heat air and send the heated air throughout the rest of the building. In addition to those methods, a building can be heated by using the solar energy found in the environment in the form of heat through heat pumps. The amount of heat that these techniques can generate is dependent on the strength of the sun’s rays. Solar energy can be used to warm up food in numerous ways. The Solar Oven is one way to cook food using solar energy. This product’s energy source is the sun, which is absolutely free. It also provides food without the taste of smoke or gas and does not need to be preheated with charcoal or wood. Solar energy can also be used to keep people and animals warm. Radiant Space Heating is a strategy that conserves a lot of energy and brings warmth to many areas in a house or building. Radiant heating works basically with different kinds of forced air. It controls the heat loss from a person’s body. Heat leaves the body in three ways, through breathing, airflow, and radiation. However, half of all the bodys heat loss occurs through radiation. Therefore, if the air surrounding a person is heated using solar energy then the amount of heat loss through radiation is reduced and the person stays warm longer. Solar energy in the form of heat is the least polluting of all known energy sources. Today, we are just beginning to discover its ultimate potential. While solar energy has been available to mankind since prehistoric times, it has not been as effectively used as other sources of energy. The challenge that today’s society faces is creating a system that provides a reliable energy supply using solar heat. Definitions Solar collectors- any of various devices for the absorption of solar radiation for the heating of water or buildings or the production of electricity. Solar energy- energy obtained from radiation emitted by the Sun. Passive solar heating system- relies on natural methods of collecting and distributing heat from the sun. Active solar heating system- collects heat from the sun and circulates it through a hot water or heating system. Radiant heating- A system to heat and cool buildings that relies primarily on radiation heat transfer. Typically, heated or chilled water is circulated though floor or ceiling panels to condition the space. Non-renewable resource- an energy resource that is not replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural processes. Primary examples of non-renewable energy resources are the fossil fuels: oil, natural gas, and coal. â€Å"Glossary of Solar Heating†. Graylab 1995. 17 November 2001. . McLaughlin, Charles W., Thompson, Marilyn. Physical Science. New York City: McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc., 1999. 163- 165. â€Å"Solar Heating†. ACRE 1997. 12 November 2001. . â€Å"Solar Heating and You†. Consumer Energy Information 1998. 14 November 2001. ddddd . Sun (astronomy). Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001. 14 November 2001. . Research Papers on Solar Heating - Converted Energy From the SunPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Digestion and diseases of Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Digestion and diseases of - Term Paper Example Digestion is a complex process involving mechanical and chemical processes. Different complex molecules in our food are treated differently by our digestive system, depending upon its composition such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals etc. All these compounds are important as they provide source of energy, for protein making, for growth and for all the activities that we carry. The digestion starts from the mouth by chewing of food called mastication. A cephalic phase starts in which a signal is transferred to stomach lining to produce acid. The enzymes and saliva (produced by salivary glands for moistening the food) also enters the complex food particles. The starch and fats starts to breakdown right from the mouth due to saliva. The esophagus transfers the chewed food to the stomach, and this ineffective barrier may cause the acid in stomach to come up to the esophagus and cause a disease called gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) which is very common nowa days. The stomach consists of fundus, body and antrum. The gastric phase starts when food enters into a large body called stomach. Here, the proteins start to break down to form peptides and acidic conditions in stomach prevent the microorganisms for further contamination. The fundus lining in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid when as the food enter in the lining of stomach, and by this acid the de naturation of proteins occur. The pepsinogen becomes activated in the form of pepsin after the formation of hydrochloric acid. The gastric lipase further hydrolyzes the fats in the stomach. The anturm stabilizes the acid produced and is a site for the grinding action. Food passing through pyrolic sphincter to the small intestine is called chime, while passing through the pyrolic sphincter, small intestine simulates hormones secretin and cholecystokinin, further resulting in the release of pancreatic juice from pancreas. The food enters the small intestine that is extended and has incr eased surface area for absorption. It contains folding called plicae, villi and microvilli. The sucrose, maltase and lactose hydrolyze di sugars. In the region called duodenum, the bicarbonates mix with chime decreasing its acidity. The pancreatic juice also helps in digestion. Iron and calcium are taken in duodenum, while most minerals and vitamins are absorbed in jejunum. The starch also digested in duodenum and jejunum. The liver produces bile that solubilizes fat. The ileums being the final part of small intestine do the final digestion. At the end of this process, 90 percent of food is digested. The large intestine conserves the water and salts. The remaining fibers in large intestine may remain there for up to 3 days. After the whole process, the unwanted food is defecated outside the body, from colon to rectum and then out of the body. The intestines are the important part of gastro intestinal (G.I) tract because most of the absorption and digestion is done in intestines, so it has vital importance in our body. Intestines are divided into small intestine and large intestine. The anatomy tells us that from which cells, the small intestines are made up of and then discuss the physiological role played by intestines. Small intestine is that portion of intestine which is connected to stomach and food contents from stomach come into large intestine via small intestine. Here, absorption, mixing and digestion takes place. Small intestine

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational Research Paper

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational performance - Research Paper Example Moreover, the survey also stated that 28% of the global workforce is engaged, 54% is not engaged and 17% is actively disengaged. It was also found that with high level of employees’ engagement organizations tens to do well in the competitive business environment. The discussion aims to investigate the complex issues in contemporary HRM by focusing more on socio-economic issues offering challenges to HR practioners. The discussion underpins relevant literature to seek answer for the key issue revolving around socio-economic issues posing as a great challenge for contemporary HRM that is yet to be defined and understood fully in the current business environment. Majority of the literature stated that high level of employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to be transparent and honest in their approach while making their employees fully engaged to accomplish stated goals and objectives. Based on the analysis of the literature in the con text of employees’ engagement and organizations performance, it was concluded that strengthening the relationship between employees and organizations matters the most in order to enhance the overall organizational performance. ... Robinson, et al (2004) stated that employee engagement is the involvement of employees with enthusiasm for work that often results in better organizational performance. Furthermore, Fernandez (2007) stated that employee engagement is the positive attitude held by employees for their organization’s values and objectives that is created by effective relationship between employers and employees. Coffman (2000) stated that there is a positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance as engaged employees are more likely to help organizations through their dedicated approach and efforts. Meere (2005) conducted a survey on 360000 employees from 41 companies of 10 different countries and found that operating and net profit drastically reduced with low engagement of employees. Clifton (2008) stated that employee engagement is closely linked to the organizational performance but also requires organizations to form sustainable relationship with employees. O n the other hand, Vance (2006) believed that every organization has different ways of engaging their employees to enhance organizational performance. However, motivation and compassionate behaviour always help organizations to engage their employees to perform well along with putting their best foot forward in achieving the proposed goals and objectives in a systematic and enthusiastic manner. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to maintain good relationship with employees in order to win their confidence and loyalty resulting in better engagement and better creation of value and thus enhancing the overall organizational performance. Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance